Table 2.
Descriptive Statistics.
| Variable | Wave 1 (n=1,509) | Wave 2 (n=1,288) | Wave 3 (n=1,181) | Wave 4 (n=1,242) | Mean Across the Waves |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | |||||
| Female | 447 (29.6) | 378 (29.3) | 365 (30.9) | 403 (32.4) | 398 (30.5) |
| Male | 1,062 (70.4) | 910 (70.1) | 816 (69.1) | 841 (67.6) | 907 (69.5) |
| Age (years) | 38.5 (13.0) | 39.4 (13.0) | 41.3 (13.1) | 41.6 (13.3) | 40.1 (13.2) |
| Region of Birth | |||||
| North Africa and the Middle East | 752 (49.8) | 655 (50.9) | 609 (51.6) | 651 (52.3) | 667 (51.1) |
| South-East Asia | 101 (6.7) | 85 (6.6) | 76 (6.4) | 86 (6.9) | 87 (6.7) |
| Southern and Central Asia | 593 (39.3) | 498 (38.7) | 455 (38.5) | 465 (37.4) | 503 (38.5) |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 58 (3.8) | 46 (3.6) | 38 (3.2) | 39 (3.1) | 45 (3.5) |
| Other | 5 (0.3) | 4 (0.3) | 3 (0.3) | 3 (0.2) | 4 (0.3) |
| Level of Deprivation in Area of Settlement | |||||
| Low | 116 (7.7) | 95 (7.4) | 94 (8.0) | 99 (8.0) | 101 (7.7) |
| Medium | 353 (23.4) | 290 (22.5) | 267 (22.6) | 305 (24.6) | 304 (23.3) |
| High | 1,040 (68.9) | 903 (70.1) | 820 (69.4) | 838 (67.5) | 900 (69.0) |
| Time Since Arrival | |||||
| Less than a year | 1,184 (78.5) | 59 (4.6) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 311 (23.8) |
| Between 1 and 2 years | 253 (16.8) | 960 (74.5) | 58 (4.9) | 0.0 (0.0) | 318 (24.3) |
| Between 2 and 3 years | 34 (2.3) | 212 (16.5) | 910 (77.1) | 49 (3.9) | 301 (23.1) |
| 3 or more years | 38 (2.5) | 57 (4.4) | 213 (18.0) | 1,195 (96.1) | 376 (28.8) |
| Overall Health Poor over the past 4 weeks | 561 (37.2) | 501 (38.9) | 509 (43.1) | 511 (41.1) | 521 (39.9) |
| Overall K6 score (possible scores between 6 and 30) | 12.9 (5.9) | 12.8 (5.9) | 13.2 (6.1) | 11.8 (6.0) | 12.7 (6.0) |
| Probable serious mental health illness | 243 (16.6) | 215 (16.7) | 231 (19.8) | 185 (15.1) | 214 (17.0) |
| Long-term disability, injury or illness | 421 (28.3) | 412 (32.1) | 415 (35.4) | 412 (33.2) | 415 (32.0) |
| Likely to have PTSD | 487 (33.7) | 363 (28.7) | 372 (32.4) | 279 (23.0) | 375 (29.6) |
| Housing Arrangement | |||||
| Temporary housing | 202 (13.7) | 122 (9.6) | 110 (9.4) | 126 (10.3) | 140 (10.9) |
| Short-term let | 509 (34.5) | 243 (19.1) | 147 (12.6) | 131 (10.7) | 258 (20.0) |
| Long-term let | 729 (49.4) | 855 (67.2) | 845 (72.5) | 859 (70.1) | 822 (64.0) |
| Other | 37 (2.5) | 53 (4.2) | 64 (5.5) | 109 (8.9) | 66 (5.1) |
| Housing Tenure Type | |||||
| Pays Rent Privately | 1,304 (88.0) | 1,150 (90.3) | 1,024 (88.2) | 1,062 (85.9) | 1,135 (88.1) |
| Pays Government Rent | 109 (7.4) | 47 (3.7) | 58 (5.0) | 66 (5.3) | 70 (5.4) |
| Does Not Pay Rent | 33 (2.2) | 17 (1.3) | 19 (1.6) | 7 (0.6) | 19 (1.5) |
| Pays Loan or Mortgage | 7 (0.5) | 17 (1.3) | 38 (3.3) | 87 (7.0) | 37 (2.9) |
| Other Payment | 28 (1.9) | 42 (3.3) | 22 (1.9) | 15 (1.2) | 27 (2.1) |
| Good English Ability | 625 (41.9) | 626 (48.8) | 575 (49.3) | 674 (54.3) | 625 (48.3) |
| In paid employment | 135 (9.0) | 260 (20.2) | 311 (26.6) | 406 (32.8) | 278 (21.4) |
| Experiencing stress due to finances | 632 (43.2) | 739 (58.0) | 448 (39.8) | 575 (48.7) | 599 (47.4) |
| Number of economic hardships indicated | |||||
| 1 | 261 (23.5) | 273 (32.9) | 194 (22.6) | 196 (20.9) | 231 (24.7) |
| 2 | 170 (16.7) | 188 (25.3) | 134 (16.8) | 131 (15.0) | 156 (18.1) |
| 3 or more | 155 (15.4) | 257 (31.6) | 171 (20.5) | 168 (18.4) | 189 (21.1) |
| Experiencing at least one economic hardship | 659 (43.7) | 732 (56.8) | 517 (42.8) | 500 (40.2) | 602 (46.1) |
| Experiencing economic hardship | |||||
| Struggling to pay bills on time | 263 (18.3) | 395 (31.1) | 322 (27.7) | 314 (25.4) | 324 (25.3) |
| Could not pay rent/mortgage on time | 176 (12.1) | 168 (13.2) | 162 (13.9) | 149 (12.0) | 164 (12.8) |
| Went without meals | 120 (8.2) | 124 (9.7) | 82 (7.0) | 93 (7.5) | 105 (8.1) |
| Unable to heat or cool the home | 368 (25.4) | 534 (41.8) | 259 (22.2) | 332 (26.8) | 373 (29.1) |
| Pawned or sold something | 83 (5.7) | 85 (6.6) | 83 (7.1) | 78 (6.3) | 82 (6.4) |
| Needed help from welfare or charity | 214 (15.0) | 284 (22.6) | 222 (19.1) | 138 (11.2) | 215 (16.9) |
| Average number of economic hardships indicated | 0.83 (1.27) | 1.24 (1.44) | 0.96 (1.42) | 0.89 (1.39) | 0.9 (1.38) |
Notes: Results presented as n (%) except for age, K6 Score and Average number of economic hardships which are mean (SD)