Table 3.
Matched adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of death with COVID-19 among study patients (N = 1029) with specific underlying medical conditions—New York City, March 13–April 9, 2020
| Condition1 | Cases (n = 343) |
Controls (n = 686) |
Matched aOR (95% CI)2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Any underlying condition—n (%) | |||
| Indicated | 331 (96.5) | 593 (86.4) | 4.45 (2.33, 8.49) |
| Not indicated | 12 (3.5) | 93 (13.6) | Reference |
| Heart disease3—n (%) | |||
| Indicated | 259 (75.5) | 416 (60.6) | 2.16 (1.55, 3.01) |
| Not indicated | 84 (24.5) | 270 (39.4) | Reference |
| Hypertension—n (%) | |||
| Indicated | 232 (67.6) | 351 (51.2) | 2.08 (1.53, 2.82) |
| Not indicated | 111 (32.4) | 335 (48.8) | Reference |
| Hyperlipidemia—n (%) | |||
| Indicated | 130 (37.9) | 240 (35.0) | 1.10 (0.81, 1.50) |
| Not indicated | 213 (62.1) | 446 (65.0) | Reference |
| Coronary artery disease—n (%) | |||
| Indicated | 58 (16.9) | 64 (9.3) | 1.66 (1.10, 2.51) |
| Not indicated | 285 (83.1) | 622 (90.7) | Reference |
| History of heart attack—n (%) | |||
| Indicated | 35 (10.2) | 21 (3.1) | 3.41 (1.87, 6.23) |
| Not indicated | 308 (89.8) | 665 (96.9) | Reference |
| Congestive heart failure—n (%) | |||
| Indicated | 33 (9.6) | 34 (5.0) | 1.84 (1.05, 3.22) |
| Not indicated | 310 (90.4) | 652 (95.0) | Reference |
| Valvular heart disease—n (%) | |||
| Indicated | 19 (5.5) | 16 (2.3) | 1.85 (0.88, 3.87) |
| Not indicated | 324 (94.5) | 670 (97.7) | Reference |
| Congenital heart disease—n (%) | |||
| Indicated | 3 (0.9) | 4 (0.6) | 1.61 (0.32, 8.06) |
| Not indicated | 340 (99.1) | 682 (99.4) | Reference |
| Obesity—n (%) | |||
| Indicated | 209 (60.9) | 346 (50.4) | 1.62 (1.22, 2.14) |
| Not indicated | 134 (39.1) | 340 (49.6) | Reference |
| Body mass index category4—n (%) | |||
| Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2) | 3 (1.2) | 3 (0.6) | 1.80 (0.34, 9.66) |
| Normal weight (18.5– <25.0 kg/m2) | 38 (14.8) | 84 (15.4) | Reference |
| Overweight (25.0 – <30.0 kg/m2) | 69 (26.8) | 195 (35.7) | 0.88 (0.52, 1.50) |
| Obese (30.0– <40.0 kg/m2) | 98 (38.1) | 217 (39.7) | 1.19 (0.72, 1.96) |
| Morbidly obese (≥40.0 kg/m2) | 49 (19.1) | 47 (8.6) | 3.07 (1.59, 5.90) |
| BMI unknown | 86 | 140 | |
| Diabetes—n (%) | |||
| Indicated | 192 (56.0) | 250 (36.4) | 2.09 (1.56, 2.78) |
| Type 1 | 2 (0.6) | 3 (0.4) | |
| Type 2 | 153 (43.7) | 226 (32.9) | |
| Unknown | 37 (10.8) | 21 (3.1) | |
| Not indicated | 151 (44.0) | 250 (63.6) | Reference |
| Lung disease5—n (%) | |||
| Indicated | 90 (26.2) | 131 (19.1) | 1.52 (1.08, 2.14) |
| Not indicated | 253 (73.8) | 555 (80.9) | Reference |
| Asthma—n (%) | |||
| Indicated | 57 (16.62) | 95 (13.8) | 1.22 (0.82, 1.81) |
| Not indicated | 286 (83.38) | 591 (86.2) | Reference |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/bronchitis/emphysema—n (%) | |||
| Indicated | 34 (9.9) | 29 (4.2) | 2.40 (1.39, 4.16) |
| Not indicated | 309 (90.1) | 657 (95.8) | Reference |
| Cystic fibrosis—n (%) | |||
| Indicated | 0 | 0 | --6 |
| Not indicated | 343 (100.0) | 686 (100.0) | |
| Kidney disease7—n (%) | |||
| Indicated | 79 (23.0) | 71 (10.3) | 2.51 (1.72, 3.68) |
| Not indicated | 264 (77.0) | 615 (89.7) | Reference |
| Renal failure on dialysis—n (%) | |||
| Indicated | 34 (9.9) | 24 (3.5) | 2.73 (1.53, 4.88) |
| Not indicated | 309 (90.1) | 662 (96.5) | Reference |
| Neurologic/neurodevelopmental condition8—n (%) | |||
| Indicated | 65 (19.0) | 56 (8.2) | 2.42 (1.58, 3.69) |
| Not indicated | 278 (81.0) | 630 (91.8) | Reference |
| Mental health condition9—n (%) | |||
| Indicated | 43 (12.5) | 53 (7.7) | 1.61 (1.02, 2.54) |
| Not indicated | 300 (87.5) | 633 (92.3) | Reference |
| Cancer—n (%) | |||
| Indicated | 37 (10.8) | 32 (4.7) | 2.54 (1.52, 4.23) |
| Diagnosed <1 year ago | 11 (3.2) | 7 (1.0) | |
| Diagnosed 1 or more years ago | 26 (7.6) | 25 (3.6) | |
| Not indicated | 306 (89.2) | 654 (95.3) | Reference |
| Thyroid disorder—n (%) | |||
| Indicated | 33 (9.6) | 47 (6.9) | 1.38 (0.84, 2.27) |
| Not indicated | 310 (90.4) | 639 (93.1) | Reference |
| Anemia—n (%) | |||
| Indicated | 32 (9.3) | 41 (6.0) | 1.69 (1.01, 2.80) |
| Not indicated | 311 (90.7) | 645 (94.0) | Reference |
| Obstructive sleep apnea—n (%) | |||
| Indicated | 32 (9.3) | 43 (6.3) | 1.49 (0.91, 2.46) |
| Not indicated | 311 (90.7) | 643 (93.7) | Reference |
| Peripheral vascular disease—n (%) | |||
| Indicated | 29 (8.5) | 32 (4.7) | 1.59 (0.89, 2.84) |
| Not indicated | 314 (91.5) | 654 (95.3) | Reference |
| Liver disease10—n (%) | |||
| Indicated | 24 (7.0) | 49 (7.1) | 0.75 (0.44, 1.27) |
| Not indicated | 319 (93.0) | 637 (92.9) | Reference |
| Viral hepatitis—n (%) | |||
| Indicated | 17 (5.0) | 28 (4.1) | 0.87 (0.45, 1.67) |
| Not indicated | 326 (95.0) | 658 (95.9) | Reference |
| Hepatitis C virus infection—n (%) | |||
| Indicated | 10 (2.9) | 17 (2.5) | 0.82 (0.36, 1.88) |
| Not indicated | 333 (97.1) | 669 (97.5) | Reference |
| Hepatitis B virus infection—n (%) | |||
| Indicated | 9 (2.6) | 11 (1.6) | 1.28 (0.48, 3.40) |
| Not indicated | 334 (97.4) | 675 (98.4) | Reference |
| Cirrhosis | |||
| Indicated | 7 (2.0) | 13 (1.9) | 0.85 (0.33, 2.21) |
| Not indicated | 336 (98.0) | 673 (98.1) | Reference |
| Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease—n (%) | |||
| Indicated | 2 (0.6) | 9 (1.3) | 0.44 (0.09, 2.07) |
| Not indicated | 341 (99.4) | 677 (98.7) | Reference |
| History of stroke—n (%) | |||
| Indicated | 23 (6.7) | 27 (3.9) | 1.43 (0.78, 2.62) |
| Not indicated | 320 (93.3) | 659 (96.1) | Reference |
| Autoimmune disease—n (%) | |||
| Indicated | 22 (6.4) | 29 (4.2) | 1.70 (0.93, 3.10) |
| Not indicated | 321 (93.6) | 657 (95.8) | Reference |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disorder—n (%) | |||
| Indicated | 19 (5.5) | 57 (8.3) | 0.65 (0.36, 1.16) |
| Not indicated | 324 (94.5) | 629 (91.7) | Reference |
| HIV/AIDS | |||
| Indicated | 15 (4.4) | 13 (1.9) | 2.42 (1.05, 5.59) |
| AIDS | 3 (0.9) | 3 (0.4) | |
| AIDS not indicated | 12 (3.5) | 10 (1.5) | |
| Not indicated | 328 (95.6) | 673 (98.1) | Reference |
| History of organ transplant—n (%) | |||
| Indicated | 8 (2.3) | 6 (0.9) | 2.97 (0.95, 9.27) |
| Not indicated | 335 (97.7) | 680 (99.1) | Reference |
| Active tuberculosis—n (%) | |||
| Indicated | 1 (0.3) | 0 | --6 |
| Not indicated | 342 (99.7) | 686 (100.0) | |
1Conditions listed in descending order of prevalence among case-patients
2Adjusted for sex, marital status, and insurance status. Bold-faced aORs indicate significance at alpha=0.05
3Includes history of heart attack, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, congenital heart disease, valvular heart disease, and other chronic heart conditions (such as angina, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, and pulmonary hypertension)
4Defined according to National Institutes of Health criteria, weight (kg)/height (m2)
5Includes asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, cystic fibrosis, and other chronic lung conditions (such as pulmonary nodules, pulmonary fibrosis, and history of pulmonary emboli)
6Undefined effect estimate
7Includes chronic kidney conditions (such chronic kidney disease, glomerulonephritis, and polycystic kidney disease)
8Includes conditions such as seizure disorders, intellectual disability, dementia, history of traumatic brain injury, cerebral palsy, and neuropathy
9Includes conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, borderline personality disorder, and history of suicidal ideation
10Includes chronic liver conditions (such as cirrhosis, fatty liver disease, and chronic hepatitis, including viral hepatitis)