Table 7.

Change in Processing Speed Predicted by Smoking, Depressive Symptoms, Diabetes, and Hypertension

Measure	Covariates Only	Risk Factors
	Coefficient (SE)	Coefficient (SE)
Fixed effects
Intercept, γ00	58.605 (0.238)**	58.881 (0.229)**
Age, γ01	−0.481 (0.096)**	−0.516 (0.089)**
Smoking, γ02	--	−0.793 (0.669)
Depressive Symptoms γ03	--	−0.100 (0.032)*
Hypertension, γ04	--	−0.032 (0.016)
Diabetes, γ05	--	−0.027 (0.009)*
Education,γ06	1.577 (0.225)**	1.208 (0.205)**
Family Income, γ07	2.875 (0.296)**	2.287 (0.227)**
Menopause Status, γ08	0.269 (0.161)	0.164 (0.146)
Practice Effect, γ09	1.218 (0.225)**	3.944 (0.211)**
Linear slope, γ10	−0.087 (0.064)	−0.109 (0.068)
Age, γ11	−0.052 (0.026)	−0.047 (0.026)
Smoking, γ12	--	0.183 (0.200)
Depressive Symptoms γ13	--	−0.014 (0.010)
Hypertension, γ14	--	−0.004 (0.005)
Diabetes, γ15	--	−0.003 (0.003)
Education,γ16	−0.005 (0.060)	−0.013 (0.061)
Family Income, γ17	−0.088 (0.080)	−0.117 (0.082)
Menopause Status, γ18	−0.062 (0.042)	0.064 (0.042)
Practice Effect, γ19	−0.038 (0.063)	0.013 (0.064)
Random effects	Variance Components
Intercept, τ00	71.888**	54.689**
Linear slope, τ11	0.289	0.277
Level 1, σ2	26.868**	26.729**
Model Fit: H0 Value (df)	−16179.333 (16)	−8625.650(24)

Note. Covariates are age, education, family income, menopause status, and practice effect.

^*p < 0.01

^**p < 0.001