Table 2.
Characteristics of pregnant women
| Demographic characteristics | Any cannabis use before, during or after pregnancy (n = 4928) | No cannabis use before during or after pregnancy (n = 31391) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Age, years | |||
| 18–19 | 6.5 (5.9–7.3) | 3.5 (3.2–3.7) | < 0.01 |
| 20–24 | 26.9 (25.3–28.6) | 17.7 (17.3–18.2) | |
| 25–29 | 33.1 (31.6–34.8) | 31.7 (30.7–31.9) | |
| 30–34 | 22.3 (21.2–23.6) | 30.6 (30.0–31.3) | |
| 35–39 | 9.5 (8.7–10.4) | 14.4 (13.9–14.9) | |
| 40+ | 1.7 (1.4–2.1) | 3.1 (2.9–3.4) | |
| Education | |||
| 12 years or less | 55.6 (54.1–57.0) | 29.6 (28.9–30.3) | < 0.01 |
| 13–15 years | 34.1 (32.7–35.5) | 31.2 (30.6–31.8) | |
| 16 or more years | 10.4 (9.5–11.3) | 39.2 (38.5–39.9) | |
| Marital status | |||
| Not married | 68.6 (67.2–70.0) | 32.0 (31.1–32.7) | < 0.01 |
| Married | 31.4 (30.0–32.8) | 68.0 (67.3–68.7) | |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| Non-hispanic white | 49.4 (48.0–51.0) | 52.7 (52.0–53.5) | < 0.01 |
| Non-hispanic black | 18.8 (17.7–19.9) | 15.1 (14.6–15.6) | |
| Race/ethnicity | Any cannabis use before, during or after pregnancy (n = 4928) | No cannabis use before during or after pregnancy (n = 31391) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Hispanic | 2.7 (2.2–3.2) | 6.4 (6.0–6.7) | |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 1.6 (1.3–2.1) | 6.9 (6.6–7.3) | |
| Native American/Alaska native | 11.4 (10.5–12.4) | 4.7 (4.4–5.0) | |
| Other/unknown/mixed | 16.1 (15.1–17.1) | 14.2 (13.8–14.7) | |
| Other characteristics | |||
| State legalization | < 0.01 | ||
| Recreational legalization | 17.8 (16.7–18.8) | 22.2 (21.7–22.8) | |
| Medical legalization | 30.8 (29.6–32.1) | 27.7 (27.1–28.3) | |
| No legalization | 51.4 (49.9–52.8) | 50.0 (49.3–50.8) | |
| Kotelchuck index | < 0.01 | ||
| Inadequate | 19.0 (17.6–20.0) | 9.9 (9.5–10.4) | |
| Intermediate | 11.6 (10.7–12.6) | 10.3 (9.8–10.7) | |
| Adequate | 35.4 (34.0–36.7) | 44.4 (43.6–45.1) | |
| Adequate plus | 34.1 (32.8–35.5) | 35.4 (34.6–36.1) | |
| Tobacco use | < 0.01 | ||
| No tobacco use | 39.1 (38.7–40.5) | 80.3 (79.7–80.7) | |
| Tobacco use | 60.9 (59.5–62.3) | 19.7 (19.2–20.2) | |
| Moderate alcohol use a | < 0.01 | ||
| No moderate alcohol use | 69.2 (67.8–71.0) | 66.9 (66.2–67.5) | |
| Moderate alcohol use before pregnancy | 6.9 (6.2–7.6) | 2.3 (2.1–2.5) | |
| Skipped or unknown | 23.9 (22.7–25.1) | 31.0 (30.2–31.6) | |
AIAN american indian, alaskan native, PI pacific islander, CI confidence interval
α = 0.05
aModerate alcohol use prior to pregnancy defined as consuming > seven drinks in a week