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. 2021 Mar 27;28(30):40957–40970. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-13423-6

Table 7.

the impact of energy, financial, environmental, and social development

Energy and environment Financial and social development
Classes The specific impact of energy and environmental The specific impact of energy and environmental The general effect of financial and social development The general effect of financial and social development
Demand-pull Demand push Balanced Demand-pull Demand push Balanced
Dependent variables ln(E. C.F, t) E. C.f, t ln(E. C.f, t) ln(ECOf, t) ECOf, t ln(ECOf, t)
Methods i. ii. iii. iv v vi vii viii ix x xi xii
Mix of policies -0.0865*** -0.0832*** -1.399*** -0.0542 -0.0874*** -0.410*** 0.131*** 0.126*** 0.392*** 0.199*** 0.101*** 0.121
(0.0321) (0.0256) (0.312) (0.0626) (0.0317) (0.112) (0.0326) (0.0188) (0.0823) (0.0519) (0.0352) (0.129)
Constant Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yeses Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
 φ1 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
 φ2 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
 φ3 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
 φ4 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Supporting Volunteer CSR Yes Yeses Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
R2 0.019 0.023 0.015 0.023 0.014 0.042 0.042 0.032 0.042 0.031
Observations (N) 59,039 59,042 60,065 60,748 62,400 48496 58,521 65,521 64,521 54,188 59,212 50,769

a*, **, and *** Specify statistical importance at the 10 %, 5%, and1% Significance a respectively

bThe inflation factor is modified according to all the dependent variables based on 1998

cModels (3) and (9) are calculated using generalized linear models (GLM) with gamma distribution and log relation functionality.