. 2021 Mar 30;28(30):41492–41503. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-13469-6

Table 3.

A comparison between the activity concentration of radionuclides presented in studied building materials and other areas

Country	Material	No.	Activity concentration (Bq kg⁻¹) (Mean)			References
Country	Material	No.	²²⁶Ra	²³²Th	⁴⁰K	References
China	Brick	4	14	39	678	Tuo et al. 2020
	Ceramic	6	172	135	351
	Granite	14	356	318	1636
	Concrete	4	16	51	605
Serbia	Brick	12	45	49	646	Kuzmanović et al. 2020
	Ceramic tile	5	67	61	828
	Concrete tile	2	30	18	255
	Granite	2	200	77	1280
	Concrete	10	17	21	253
Iran	Granite	48	66	57	996	Ashrafi and Jahanbakhsh 2019
	Granite	29	77	45	1017	Abbasi 2013
	Gravel	32	20	6	451	Mehdizadeh et al. 2011
	Brick	77	37	12	851
	Gypsum	30	8	2	116
	Cement	17	40	29	291
Egypt	Sand	15	33	27	385	Medhat 2009
	Gravel	18	10	5	159
	Brick	30	30	21	289
	Gypsum	21	39	25	226
	Ceramics	29	52	33	450
	Tile	30	35	23	377
	Granite	16	65	60	920
	Marble	25	32	25	466
Italy	Brick	7	58	51	473	Righi and Bruzzi 2006
	Ceramics	2	52	42	450
	Tile	3	20	25	427
	Granite	6	81	129	1065
	Concrete	2	15	16	310
	Marble	1	1	4	20
Saudi Arabia	Ceramic	20	89	105	773	Al-Sewaidan 2019
Saudi Arabia	Cement	4	22	10	102	Al-Sewaidan 2019
Qatar	Sand	4	13	3	225	Al-Sulaiti et al. 2011
	Cement	6	23	10	120
	White cement	3	19	5	63
Nigeria	Cement	5	30	25	251	Agbalagba et al. 2014
Nigeria	White cement	6	42	30	340	Agbalagba et al. 2014
India	Sand	7	11	130	297	Ravisankar et al. 2014
	Brick	8	5	23	374
	Cement	3	37	34	188
Iran	Sand	3	24	22	362	Current study
	Brick	5	31	28	338
	Gypsum	3	12	14	116
	Cement	5	31	15	231
	Ceramic	3	32	27	292
	Tile	3	36	29	361
	Granite	3	38	47	917
	Marble	2	7	7	34
	Mosaic	2	15	10	146