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. 2021 Aug 9;11:16142. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-95403-x

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Gene expression as a function of local WSS. The expression levels for the 18 intimal genes with > 200 medial correlates (as determined by RNA-seq) are shown as a function of the WSS at the sample’s location (as determined by CFD). Expression levels of SERPINE6 (A), SERPINE1 (B), ADAMTS9 (C), TIMP1 (D), and IL15 (E) were all positively correlated with WSS over the full range of observed values (Pearson r > 0.9). GLIPR1 (F) increased with increasing WSS, but plateaued at WSS > 40. The remaining genes displayed very non-linear “dose–response” curves, shown in (G) CYTL1, (H) LUM, CST6, SSP1, CYR61, ABI38P and OMD, and (I). NDP, C1QTNF7, LYPD6, PLA2G7, and MFAP5. The maximal expression values for these 12 genes are all at WSS below 40 Pa, and expression is dramatically lower at WSS > 50 Pa.