Table 2.

Comparison of plasma level of cytokines between premenopausal and postmenopausal women with normal and low BMD.

Cytokines (pg/ml)	Pre-N (n = 21)	Post-N (n = 20 )	Post-L (n = 20)
IL-17	12.73 ± 8.63	19.08 ± 11.55	21.82 ± 14.17*
IL-6	8.06 ± 5.70	11.31 ± 6.85	9.78 ± 4.90
TNF-α	10.92 ± 5.29	19.69 ± 21.85*	11.16 ± 7.87
IL-10	0.58 ± 0.31	1.07 ± 0.69*	0.99 ± 0.61*
TGF-β	19.44 ± 11.13	22.39 ± 13.76	18.75 ± 9.38

Values are expressed as Mean ± SD. *p < 0.05; when compared to Pre-N.

Statistical significance was estimated using the Mann–Whitney U test.

Abbreviations: Pre-N premenopausal women with normal BMD, Post-N postmenopausal women with normal BMD, Post-L postmenopausal women with low BMD, IL-17 Interleukin-17, IL-6 Interleukin-6, TNF-α Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, IL-10 Interleukin-10, TGF-β Transforming growth factor-β.