Table 2.

Estimated Performance of MRI for extramural venous invasion

Authors	Year	No. of patients	No. of readers	Pulse sequences	Sensitivity	Specificity	Inter-observer agreement
Before neoadjuvant therapy
Smith [22]	2008	142	1	T2WI	0.62	0.88	NA
Koh [23]	2008	79	NA	T2WI	1.00	0.89	NA
Sohn [24]	2015	447	NA	T2WI	0.282	0.94	NA
Jhaveri [26]	2016	49	2	T2WI, CE-T1WI	T2WI alone: 0.43–0.50 T2WI + CE-T1WI: 0.57	T2WI alone: 0.96–1.00 T2WI + CE-T1WI: 0.96	T2WI alone: 0.828 T2WI + CE-T1WI: 0.858
Liu [27]	2016	183	2	T2WI	0.617	0.820	0.780
Yu [28]	2016	86	2	T2WI	0.583	0.920	0.803
Lee [29]	2018	200	2	T2WI	0.9048	0.4114	0.801
Liu [30]	2016	59	2	T2WI, CE-T1WI	T2WI alone: 0.500–0.722 CE-T1WI alone: 0.556 T2WI + CE-T1WI:0.778–0.833	T2WI alone: 0.732–0.780 CE-T1WI alone: 0.659–0.683 T2WI + CE-T1WI: 0.732–0.756	T2WI alone: 0.603 CE-T1WI alone: 0.216 T2WI + CE-T1WI: 0.413
Ahn [32]	2019	79	2	T2WI, DWI	T2WI alone: 0.80–0.85	T2WI alone: 0.53–0.75	T2WI alone: 0.704
					T2WI + DWI: 0.90	T2WI + DWI: 0.54–0.66	T2WI + DWI: 0.611
Bae [31]	2019	147	3	T2WI, CE-T1WI	T2WI + CE-T1WI: 0.720–0.840	T2WI + CE-T1WI:  0.454–0.856	T2WI + CE-T1WI: 0.376–0.693
Fornell-Perez [45]	2020	54	3	T2WI, DWI	T2WI alone: 0.571 T2WI + DWI: 0.476	T2WI alone: 0.759 T2WI + DWI: 0.872	T2WI alone: 0.483 T2WI + DWI: 0.438
After neoadjuvant therapy
Jhaveri [26]	2016	20	2	T2WI, CE-T1WI	T2WI alone: 0.29	T2WI alone: 0.95–1.00	T2WI alone: 0.781
					T2WI + CE-T1WI: 0.43–0.57	T2WI + CE-T1WI: 0.95	T2WI + CE-T1WI: 0.604
Lee [29]	2018	200	2	T2WI	0.7619	0.7975	0.736
Fornell-Perez [45]	2020	46	3	T2WI, DWI	T2WI alone: 0.667 T2WI + DWI: 0.778	T2WI alone: 0.829 T2WI + DWI: 0.915	T2WI alone: 0.372 T2WI + DWI: 0.361
Bae [31]	2019	75	3	T2WI, CE-T1WI	T2WI + CE-T1WI: 0.667–0.792	T2WI + CE-T1WI: 0.490–0.922	T2WI + CE-T1WI: 0.383–0.693

CE-T1WI, contrast enhanced T1-weighted image; DWI, diffusion-weighted image; T2WI, T2-weighted image