Table 3.
Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for depression, anxiety, and psychological distress symptoms across quartiles of energy-adjusted red and white meat intake in whole populationa.
| Quartiles of red meat intake | Quartiles of white meat intake | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Q1
(n = 840) |
Q2
(n = 841) |
Q3
(n = 841) |
Q4
(n = 840) |
ptrend |
Q1
(n = 840) |
Q2
(n = 841) |
Q3
(n = 841) |
Q4
(n = 840) |
ptrend | |
| Depression symptoms | ||||||||||
| Crude | 1.00 | 1.17 (0.94–1.45) | 1.18 (0.95–1.46) | 1.43 (1.16–1.78) | <0.001 | 1.00 | 0.93 (0.75–1.15) | 1.08 (0.87–1.33) | 0.92 (0.74–1.14) | 0.77 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 1.19 (0.92–1.52) | 1.18 (0.92–1.52) | 1.47 (1.16–1.88) | <0.001 | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.75–1.23) | 1.18 (0.92–1.51) | 0.93 (0.72–1.19) | 0.96 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 1.15 (0.88–1.50) | 1.13 (0.87–1.48) | 1.43 (1.09–1.89) | 0.02 | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.73–1.23) | 1.16 (0.89–1.51) | 0.89 (0.68–1.17) | 0.79 |
| Anxiety symptoms | ||||||||||
| Crude | 1.00 | 1.19 (0.90–1.58) | 0.93 (0.69–1.25) | 1.23 (0.93–1.63) | 0.38 | 1.00 | 1.10 (0.83–1.46) | 1.13 (0.85–1.50) | 0.94 (0.70–1.25) | 0.73 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 1.07 (0.78–1.48) | 0.80 (0.57–1.12) | 1.13 (0.82–1.55) | 0.87 | 1.00 | 1.06 (0.77–1.47) | 1.18 (0.85–1.64) | 0.91 (0.65–1.27) | 0.76 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 1.10 (0.78–1.54) | 0.89 (0.62–1.28) | 1.27 (0.89–1.83) | 0.39 | 1.00 | 1.11 (0.79–1.55) | 1.23 (0.87–1.74) | 0.96 (0.67–1.40) | 0.97 |
| Psychological distress symptoms | ||||||||||
| Crude | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.80–1.26) | 0.97 (0.77–1.22) | 0.99 (0.79–1.25) | 0.88 | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.78–1.22) | 1.02 (0.81–1.28) | 0.83 (0.66–1.04) | 0.17 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 1.02 (0.79–1.33) | 1.00 (0.77–1.29) | 1.03 (0.79–1.33) | 0.91 | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.74–1.25) | 1.12 (0.86–1.46) | 0.88 (0.68–1.15) | 0.60 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.76–1.32) | 1.02 (0.77–1.34) | 1.03 (0.77–1.38) | 0.84 | 1.00 | 0.93 (0.71–1.22) | 1.14 (0.87–1.51) | 0.87 (0.65–1.17) | 0.71 |
a
Model 1: Adjusted for age, sex, energy intake, physical activity, smoking, marital status, education, socioeconomic status (SES), diabetes, intake of Anti-psychotic medications, and dietary supplements. Model 2: Additional controlling for dietary intake of high fat dairy, nuts, soy and legumes, grains, fruit and vegetables, n−3 fatty acids, and BMI.