Table 3.
Reliability of scales by country
EAP reliability | Weighted kappa statistic brief versus full-length scale | |||
Full-length scale | Brief scale | |||
Physical abuse | Ghana | 0.05 | NA | NA |
Guinea | 0.11 | NA | NA | |
Myanmar | 0.08 | NA | NA | |
Nigeria | 0.24 | NA | NA | |
Verbal abuse | Ghana | 0.50 | 0.43 | NA |
Guinea | 0.47 | 0.41 | NA | |
Myanmar | 0.35 | 0.29 | NA | |
Nigeria | 0.61 | 0.52 | 0.90 (0.87, 0.92) | |
Failure to meet professional standards of care | Ghana | 0.85 | 0.69 | 0.68 (0.64, 0.72) |
Guinea | 0.58 | 0.48 | NA | |
Myanmar | 0.79 | 0.66 | 0.88 (0.85, 0.91) | |
Nigeria | 0.85 | 0.67 | 0.84 (0.80, 0.87) | |
Poor rapport with healthcare workers | Ghana | 0.74 | 0.74 | 0.95 (0.94, 0.96) |
Guinea | 0.79 | 0.79 | 0.97 (0.96, 0.97) | |
Myanmar | 0.67 | 0.69 | 0.88 (0.86, 0.91) | |
Nigeria | 0.77 | 0.78 | 0.89 (0.87, 0.91) | |
Health system conditions and constraints | Ghana | 0.64 | 0.59 | 0.95 (0.93, 0.97) |
Guinea | 0.52 | 0.48 | NA | |
Myanmar | 0.43 | 0.46 | NA | |
Nigeria | 0.24 | 0.34 | NA |
EAP, expected a posteriori; NA, not applicable.