Table E2.
Associations between history of asthma∗ and outcomes following COVID-19 diagnosis, stratified by age group
| Outcome† | Subgroup | Exposure | Events (n) | Nonevents (n) | OR (95% CI)‡ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COVID-related hospitalization | 18-34 y | No asthma or COPD | 274 | 18,323 | Reference |
| Inactive asthma | 14 | 1,131 | 0.87 (0.50-1.51) | ||
| Active asthma | 40 | 852 | 2.21 (1.53-3.20) | ||
| 35-64 y | No asthma or COPD | 2,012 | 28,874 | Reference | |
| Inactive asthma | 93 | 1,228 | 1.11 (0.88-1.39) | ||
| Active asthma | 175 | 1,281 | 1.76 (1.47-2.09) | ||
| ≥65 y | No asthma or COPD | 1,118 | 4,391 | Reference | |
| Inactive asthma | 47 | 238 | 0.77 (0.55-1.07) | ||
| Active asthma | 115 | 312 | 1.36 (1.08-1.72) | ||
| P interaction§ | .01 | ||||
| COVID-related IRS | 18-34 y | No asthma or COPD | 59 | 18,538 | Reference |
| Inactive asthma | 3 | 1,142 | 0.92 (0.28-3.01) | ||
| Active asthma | 9 | 883 | 1.74 (0.80-3.77) | ||
| 35-64 y | No Asthma or COPD | 721 | 30165 | Reference | |
| Inactive asthma | 29 | 1292 | 0.97 (0.66-1.43) | ||
| Active asthma | 62 | 1394 | 1.60 (1.21-2.13) | ||
| ≥65 y | No Asthma or COPD | 462 | 5047 | Reference | |
| Inactive asthma | 16 | 269 | 0.66 (0.39-1.11) | ||
| Active asthma | 47 | 380 | 1.27 (0.91-1.76) | ||
| P interaction§ | .41 | ||||
| COVID-related ICU admission | 18-34 y | No asthma or COPD | 40 | 18,557 | Reference |
| Inactive asthma | 2 | 1,143 | 0.99 (0.23-4.17) | ||
| Active asthma | 7 | 885 | 1.86 (0.76-4.55) | ||
| 35-64 y | No asthma or COPD | 465 | 30,421 | Reference | |
| Inactive asthma | 15 | 1,306 | 0.78 (0.46-1.33) | ||
| Active asthma | 41 | 1,415 | 1.52 (1.07-2.15) | ||
| ≥65 y | No asthma or COPD | 291 | 5,218 | Reference | |
| Inactive asthma | 12 | 273 | 0.87 (0.47-1.59) | ||
| Active asthma | 30 | 397 | 1.29 (0.86-1.94) | ||
| P interaction§ | .62 | ||||
| Death‖ | 35-64 y | No asthma or COPD | 235 | 30,651 | Reference |
| Inactive asthma | 8 | 1,313 | 0.81 (0.40-1.64) | ||
| Active asthma | 25 | 1,431 | 1.62 (1.05-2.48) | ||
| ≥65 y | No asthma or COPD | 516 | 4,993 | Reference | |
| Inactive asthma | 23 | 262 | 0.81 (0.53-1.24) | ||
| Active asthma | 36 | 391 | 0.73 (0.52-1.02) | ||
| P interaction§ | .01 |
∗
Asthma patients were categorized as active asthma if they had a clinical visit for asthma in the 12 mo prior to COVID-19 diagnosis, and as inactive asthma if otherwise.
†
Within 30 d for hospitalization, IRS, and ICU; within 60 d for death.
‡
For death, measure of association is the hazard ratio from the Cox model.
§
Heterogeneity assessed using models with an interaction term for age group and asthma history.
‖
Death models only run among those aged 35 y and older owing to the small number of deaths in the 18-34 y age group.