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. 2021 Jul 28;7(7):e07678. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07678

Table 2.

Applicability and non-applicability of various chemical stabilisers to different soil types.

Method Applicability Unsuitable Soil type
MICP Medium size sandy soil Soil with a too large or too small pore size
Bio-Enzyme Highly soil specific
Electro-Osmosis Suitable for fine, Impermeable clays Soils possessing high carbonate buffer and high cation exchange capacities
Cement and Lime Organic soil with low pH
Gypsiferous/Bassanitic soils
Fly Ash Organic soil with low pH
CCR Clays
Silica Fumes Expansive soils
Sodium Silicate-based stabilisers Sulphate containing soils which are otherwise problematic with traditional stabilisers such as lime, cement, and fly ash
NaOH + CaCl2 Useful for in situ improvement
PU Repairing highway pavement Care must be taken when using in wet soil
medium size sand Clayey soil
Sealing cracks or for ground improvement where strata bear a large amount of water
When high brittleness may be dangerous
LS Minimise disturbance to ecology
Dispersive clay
Epoxy resin Dispersive clay
Reduction in permeability may be harmful
PAM Highway slopes
Erodible soil
Reduction in permeability may be harmful