Table 5.
Second level scales across subgroups (N = 192): means, standard deviations and frequencies of scorings above the cutoff. T-test and ANOVA for continuous variables, Chi-square test for categorical variables
| PHQ-9 | DES | SCL-90 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | Mean (sd) | N(%) > cutoff | Mean (sd) | N(%) > cutoff | Mean (sd) | N(%) > cutoff | |
| Male | 57 (30) | 8.43 (4.79) | 12 (21) | 9.19 (8.74) | 9 (15) | 0.61 (0.42) | 9 (16) |
| Female | 135 (70) | 9.61 (5.76) | 51 (37) | 12.8 (13.3) | 29 (21) | 0.83 (0.65) | 41 (30) |
| * | * | ** | * | ||||
| Age group | |||||||
| 20–30 | 34 (18) | 10.2 (5.79) | 11 (32) | 12.7 (10.8) | 7 (20) | 0.87 (0.65) | 12 (35) |
| 31–40 | 59 (31) | 8.64 (5.31) | 14 (23) | 13.6 (12.5) | 17 (28) | 0.73 (0.57) | 17 (29) |
| 41–50 | 44 (23) | 9.34 (6.19) | 17 (38) | 9.75 (10.4) | 6 (13) | 0.74 (0.59) | 10 (23) |
| 51–60 | 48 (25) | 9.85 (5.01) | 21 (43) | 11.6 ( 14.8) | 8 (16) | 0.82 (0.63) | 11 (23) |
| > 60 | 5 (3) | 4.40 (1.51) | 0 | 3.89 (2.48) | 0 | 0.37 (0.26) | 0 |
| Occupational role | |||||||
| Administrative staff | 10 (5) | 8.10 (4.28) | 4 (40) | 10.5 (11.1) | 2 (20) | 0.75 (0.63) | 4 (40) |
| Health assistant | 9 (5) | 13.0 (5.17) | 7 (77) | 23.8 (23.9) | 5 (55) | 1.47 (1.02) | 5 (55) |
| Nursing staff | 101 (53) | 10.6 (5.70) | 36 (35) | 14.0 (12.5) | 27 (26) | 0.86 (0.60) | 33 (33) |
| Physician | 49 (25) | 7.18 (4.70) | 9 (18) | 6.87 (6.81) | 2 (4) | 0.53 (0.33) | 4 (8) |
| Others | 23 (12) | 6.95 (4.28) | 7 (30) | 8.19 (8.73) | 2 (8) | 0.59 (0.54) | 4 (17) |
| *** | ** | *** | *** | *** | ** | ||
| Chronic disease | |||||||
| Yes | 71 (37) | 10.4 (5.50) | 33 (46) | 13.2 (13.1) | 16 (22) | 0.87 (0.63) | 22 (31) |
| No | 121 (63) | 8.57 (5.41) | 30 (24) | 10.9 (11.6) | 22 (18) | 0.71 (0.57) | 28 (23) |
| * | ** | ||||||
| Positive nasopharyngeal swab | |||||||
| Yes | 23 (12) | 9.39 (4.44) | 7 (30) | 10.8 (11.4) | 3 (13) | 0.67 (0.37) | 3 (13) |
| No | 169 (88) | 9.24 (5.64) | 56 (33) | 11.9 (12.3) | 35 (20) | 0.78 (0.62) | 47 (28) |
| Experience of quarantine | |||||||
| Yes | 34 (18) | 9.38 (4.52) | 9 (26) | 10.9 (9.73) | 3 (8) | 0.76 (0.43) | 8 (23) |
| No | 158 (82) | 9.24 (5.70) | 54 (34) | 11.9 (12.7) | 35 (22) | 0.77 (0.63) | 42 (26) |
| COVID-19 area working experience | |||||||
| Never | 53 (28) | 8.39 (5.18) | 19 (35) | 10.5 (11.0) | 7 (13) | 0.73 (0.62) | 12 (22) |
| Yes† | |||||||
| currently | 96 (50) | 9.69 (5.74) | 31 (32) | 12.7 (13.3) | 20 (21) | 0.83 (0.59) | 30 (31) |
| previously | 43 (22) | 9.37 (5.33) | 13 (30) | 11.1 (11.0) | 11 (26) | 0.68 (0.57) | 8 (19) |
| > 120 days | 79 (41) | 9.77 (5.52) | 24 (31) | 12.2 (13.3) | 15 (19) | 0.84 (0.60) | 24 (31) |
| < 120 days | 60 (31) | 9.91 (5.66) | 19 (33) | 13.1 (12.1) | 16 (28) | 0.76 (0.57) | 14 (25) |
| high-intensity area | 121 (63) | 9.76 (5.60) | 38 (31) | 12.3 (13.0) | 25 (20) | 0.77 (0.57) | 32 (26) |
| low-intensity area | 18 (9) | 8.50 (5.63) | 6 (33) | 11.7 (9.85) | 6 (33) | 0.84 (0.70) | 6 (33) |
| Positive family member | |||||||
| Yes | 38 (20) | 9.13 (4.58) | 10 (26) | 10.2 (8.16) | 4 (10) | 0.72 (0.48) | 7 (18) |
| No | 154 (80) | 9.29 (5.72) | 53 (34) | 12.1 (13.0) | 34 (22) | 0.78 (0.62) | 43 (28) |
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.005; *** p < 0.001
†p values refer to comparisons between subjects with working experiences in COVID-19 area ( current/previous, number of days, intensity area) and subjects with no experience in COVID-19 area