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. 2021 Jul 27;12:671057. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2021.671057

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Copyright © 2021 Barefoot, Loyfer, Kiliti, McDeed, Kaplan and Wellstein.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Predicting treatment response and therapy-related toxicities from combined genetic and epigenetic analyses of cfDNA. The minimally invasive nature of liquid biopsies allows for serial sampling to monitor changes over time, especially under selective pressures from ongoing therapy. CtDNA can be used to track clonal heterogeneity over time to assess treatment response and detect treatment-resistant clones. Normal cell-specific cfDNA methylation patterns can be used in combination with ctDNA to assess the impact of treatment to the surrounding tumor microenvironment and to monitor for therapy-related toxicities in somatic cell-types. Acronyms: ctDNA, (circulating tumor DNA); cme-DNA, (circulating methylated cell-free DNA).