Table 2.

Overview and comparison of basic characteristics as a function of POD.

	Study subjects without delirium ( n = 672)					Study subjects with delirium ( n = 208)
Variable	Mean (± SD)	N (available data)	Percentage available data (%)	Categories	N	Mean (± SD)	N (available data)	Percentage available data (%)	Categories	N	t	χ2	p
Age	77.67 (± 4.75)	672	100	70–75 years	214	78.36 (± 5.22)	208	100	70–75 years	58	−1.80		0.073
				75–80 years	253				75–80 years	79
				80–85 years	142				80–85 years	46		2.72	0.437
				>85 years	53				>85 years	23
Gender		672	100	Female	344		208	100	Female	90		3.68	0.055(*)
				Male	328				Male	118
Education	12.25 (± 3.02)	661	98.36			12.25 (± 2.85)	202	97.12			0.42		0.674
ASA	2.70 (± 0.59)	665	98.96	Score I + II	221	3.16 (± 0.58)	206	99.04	Score I + II	19	–9.75		<0.001*
				Score III	410				Score III	135		97.83	<0.001*
				Score IV	34				Score IV	52
Clinical frailty scale	3.50 (± 1.30)	665	98.96	Score 1–3 Score 4–8	380 285	3.89 (± 1.48)	206	99.04	Score 1–3 Score 4–8	96 110	–3.42	6.63	<0.001* 0.010*
Polypharmacy		672	100	≤5 drugs	311		208	100	≤5 drugs	66		13.14	<0.001*
				>5 drugs	361				> 5 drugs	142
				≤10 drugs	602				≤10 drugs	169		9.41	0.002*
				>10 drugs	70				>10 drugs	39
				≤5 drugs	311				≤5 drugs	66		18.12	<0.001*
				6–10 drugs	291				6–10 drugs	103
				>10 drugs	70				>10 drugs	39
Multimorbidity	5.95 (± 2.49)	672	100	≤4 diseases	205	6.97 (± 2.68)	208	100	≤4 diseases	31	–5.08		<0.001*
				5–8 diseases	418				5–8 diseases	145		27.12	<0.001*
				≥9 diseases	49				≥9 diseases	32
Charlson comorbidity index	2.11 (± 0.91)	672	100	Score 1 + 2 Score 3 + 4	473 199	2.32 (± 0.92	208	100	Score 1 + 2 Score 3 + 4	133 75	–2.92	2.78	0.004* 0.095(*)
MoCA	27.34 (± 3.66)	657	98.06	≥26 points	233	25.20 (± 5.34)	197	94.71	≥26 points	43	5.27		<0.001*
				<26 points	425				<26 points	154		12.18	<0.001*
				≥23 points	462				≥23 points	103		20.95	<0.001*
				<23 points	196				<23 points	84
TMT A	46.00 (± 24.86)	600	89.29			56.58 (± 38.51)	177	85.10			–3.45		<0.001*
	0.30 (± 1.59)			≥-1.28 z	553	−0.26 (± 2.22)			≥-1.28 z	146	3.10		0.002*
				< -1.28 z	38				<-1.28 z	27		13.32	<0.001*
TMT B	152.80 (± 68.11)	570	84.82			184.02 (± 74.05)	162	77.88			–4.82		<0.001*
	-0.46 (± 1.44)			≥-1.28 z	431	–1.02 (± 1.61)			≥-1.28 z	129	4.19		<0.001*
				<-1.28 z	130				<-1.28 z	59		9.71	0.002*
Digit span	5.25 (± 2.08)	624	92.86	≥5 points	397	4.65 (± 2.21)	195	93.75	≥5 points	104	3.51		<0.001*
				<5 points	227				<5 points	91		17.4	<0.001*
Pre-existing dementia		672	100	No Yes	671		208	100	No Yes	195 13		33.97	<0.001*
Alcohol consumption		670	99.70	≤3 drinks/day	668		207	99.52	≤3 drinks/day	206		<0.001	1.00
				>3 drinks/day	2				>3 drinks/day	1
				≤3 drinks/week	651				≤3 drinks/week	201		<0.001	1.00
				>3 drinks/week	19				>3 drinks/week	6
Smoking		672	100	≤5 cigarettes	644		208	100	≤5 cigarettes	196		0.61	0.436
				>5 cigarettes	28				>5 cigarettes	12
Auditory impairment		661	98.36	No ear	381		204	98.08	No ear	106		3.07	0.215
				One ear	139				One ear	43
				Both ears	141				Both ears	55
Visual impairment		637	94.79	No	504		202	97.12	No	154		0.59	0.441
				Yes	133				Yes	48
Sensory impairment		635	94.49	None	62		200	96.15	None	24		3.58	0.167
				One sense	375				One sense	103
				Both senses	198				Both senses	73
Hyposmia	9.20 (± 2.15)	560	83.43	No	397	8.46 (± 2.69)	168	80.77	No	102	3.26		0.001*
				Yes	163				Yes	66		5.75	0.017*
Cut-to-suture-time	132.99 (± 73.74)	672	100	<90 min	256	191.82 (± 99.81)	207	99.52	<90 min	49	–7.85		<0.001*
				90–180 min	252				90–180 min	44		68.95	<0.001*
				>180 min	164				>180 min	114
Renal failure	223.94 (± 1478.90)	672	100	>45 mmol/ml	585	97.09 (± 977.13)	208	100	>45 mmol/ml	167	1.16		0.245
				<45 mmol/ml	71				<45 mmol/ml	37		6.93	0.008*
Cardio-pulmonary bypass		668	99.40	No	526		208	100	No	113		46.68	<0.001*
				Yes	142				Yes	95
Surgery type		672	100	No	463		208	100	No	88		46.85	<0.001*
				Yes	209				Yes	120

Overview of basic characteristics and pre- as well as perioperative assessed data of the patients without delirium (n = 672) compared with data of the patients with delirium (n = 208). For continuous data, mean, standard deviation, and range are given. If categories were defined or only categorical data were assessed, the categories defined and the number of patients in each group is given. Test statistics comparing these groups for differences on all available data are stated as well (t-tests were conducted on continuous data, χ²-tests on categorical; if both types of data were present, both tests were conducted). Statistically significant tests results are highlighted in bold type, significant p-values are marked with *, and p-values at a significance level of .05 to 0.1 are marked with (*).