Table 1.
Maternal characteristics of the analytic sample in the United States, 2011-2019.
| Characteristic | Overall | Optimal CVH (4) | Suboptimal CVH (0-3) |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 31,643,982 | 12,717,518 | 18,926,464 |
| Age, mean (SD) | 28.5 (5.8) | 28.6 (5.9) | 28.4 (5.8) |
| Age category, N (%) | |||
| 15-24 years | 8,605,389 (27.2%) | 3,335,594 (26.2%) | 5,269,795 (27.8%) |
| 25-34 years | 17,869,267 (56.5%) | 7,269,198 (57.2%) | 10,600,069 (56.0%) |
| 35-44 years | 5,169,326 (16.3%) | 2,112,726 (16.6%) | 3,056,600 (16.1%) |
| Race/ethnicity, N (%) | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 16,969,241 (53.6%) | 7,065,645 (55.6%) | 9,903,596 (52.3%) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 4,600,710 (14.5%) | 1,418,417 (11.2%) | 3,182,293 (16.8%) |
| Hispanic | 7,388,754 (23.3%) | 2,775,995 (21.8%) | 4,612,759 (24.4%) |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 2,101,849 (6.6%) | 1,252,042 (9.8%) | 849,807 (4.5%) |
| Other | 583,428 (1.8%) | 205,419 (1.6%) | 378,009 (2.0%) |
| Education, N (%) | |||
| Less than high school | 4,507,924 (14.4%) | 1,521,392 (12.1%) | 2,986,532 (15.9%) |
| High school graduate | 7,902,746 (25.2%) | 2,611,015 (20.8%) | 5,291,731 (28.2%) |
| Greater than high school | 18,899,430 (60.4%) | 8,438,262 (67.1%) | 10,461,168 (55.8%) |
| Insurance, N (%) | |||
| Medicaid | 13,479,003 (42.9%) | 4,379,619 (34.7%) | 9,099,384 (48.5%) |
| Private Insurance | 15,317,725 (48.8%) | 7,091,354 (56.2%) | 8,226,371 (43.8%) |
| Self Pay | 1,265,984 (4.0%) | 608,204 (4.8%) | 657,780 (3.5%) |
| Other | 1,326,799 (4.2%) | 536,237 (4.3%) | 790,562 (4.2%) |
| Received WIC, N (%) | 12,824,644 (41.0%) | 4,133,256 (32.9%) | 8,691,388 (46.4%) |
| Received prenatal care, N (%) | 30,462,564 (98.6%) | 12,417,885 (98.7%) | 18,486,348 (98.5%) |
| Multiparous, N (%) | 19,318,227 (61.2%) | 7,167,529 (56.5%) | 12,150,698 (64.4%) |
| Singleton, N (%) | 30,580,298 (96.6%) | 12,717,518 (96.8%) | 18,926,464 (96.5%) |
CVH, cardiovascular health; WIC, Women, Infants, and Children program