Table 3. Results of Moderator Analyses for the Prevalence of Anxiety Symptoms in Children and Adolescence During COVID-19.
| Categorical moderatorsa | No. of studies | Prevalence (95% CI) | Homogeneity Q | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study quality score | ||||
| 2-3 | 21b | 0.22 (0.18 to 0.27)c | 4.92 | .03 |
| 4 | 4 | 0.12 (0.07 to 0.20)d | ||
| Geographical region | ||||
| East Asia | 14 | 0.17 (0.13 to 0.21)d | 10.04 | .01 |
| North America | 5 | 0.21 (0.14 to 0.30)d | ||
| Europe | 4 | 0.34 (0.23 to 0.46)e | ||
| Continuous moderators | k | Estimate (95% CI) | z | P value |
| Participant | ||||
| Age | 25 | 0.07 (−0.02 to 0.15) | 1.53 | .13 |
| Sex | 25 | 0.04 (0.01 to 0.07) | 2.95 | .003 |
| Month of data collection in 2020 | 22 | 0.27 (0.10 to 0.44) | 3.10 | .001 |
a
Symptom reporter (self-report vs parent report) could not be examined as there were insufficient studies at each level of the categorical comparison (ie, 2 studies had parent report).
b
Two studies had a study quality of 2 and were combined with those with a study quality of 3.
c
P < .001.
d
P < .05.
e
P = .002.