Table 1.
Demographics and Clinical Characteristics of the 2 Study Cohorts
| Characteristic | AMD Patients | Control Participants | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Boston, Massachusetts | |||
| No. (%) | 148 (77) | 45 (23) | 193 (100) |
| Age (yrs), mean ± SD | 72.59 ± 7.88 | 67.11 ± 7.68 | 71.32 ± 8.15 |
| Female gender, no. (%) | 96 (65) | 29 (64) | 125 (65) |
| Smoking, no. (%) | |||
| Former smoker | 78 (53) | 19 (43) | 97 (51) |
| Nonsmoker | 65 (45) | 23 (52) | 88 (46) |
| Smoker | 3 (2) | 2 (5) | 5 (3) |
| Race, no. (%) | |||
| Asian | 2 (1) | 0 (0) | 2 (1.1) |
| Hispanic | 5 (4) | 1 (2.5) | 6 (3.3) |
| Black | 0 (0) | 1 (2.5) | 1 (0.6) |
| White | 136 (95) | 37 (95) | 173 (95) |
| AMD stage, no. (%) | NA | ||
| Early | 35 (24) | 35 (18) | |
| Intermediate | 63 (42) | 63 (33) | |
| Late | 50 (34) | 50 (26) | |
| Coimbra, Portugal | |||
| No. (%) | 240 | 53 | 293 (100) |
| Age (yrs), mean ± SD | 76.46 ± 7.96 | 68.62 ± 4.97 | 75.04 ± 8.08 |
| Female gender, no. (%) | 155 (65) | 35 (66) | 190 (65) |
| Smoking, no. (%) | |||
| Former smoker | 36 (15) | 10 (19) | 46 (15.7) |
| Nonsmoker | 203 (84.5) | 43 (81) | 246 (84) |
| Smoker | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.3) |
| Race, no. (%) | |||
| Asian | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Hispanic | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Black | 3 (1) | 0 (0) | 3 (1) |
| White | 237 (99) | 53 (100) | 290 (99) |
| AMD stage, no. (%) | NA | ||
| Early | 57 (24) | 57 (19) | |
| Intermediate | 130 (54) | 130 (44) | |
| Late | 53 (22) | 53 (18) |
AMD = age-related macular degeneration; NA = not applicable; SD = standard deviation.