Table 3.
Risk Factors in Univariate and Multivariable Logistic Regression Model for Chronic Kidney Disease stage III+
| Characteristics | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Female | Reference | Reference |
| Male | 1.15(1.03–1.27) | 0.88 (0.78–1.01) | |
| Age | < 40 | Reference | Reference |
| ≥40 | 12.32 (10.48–14.48) | 8.23 (6.91–9.81) | |
| Residency | Rural | Reference | – |
| Urban | 1.36(1.21–1.54) | – | |
| Wealth score | Very low | Reference | Reference |
| Low | 1.43(1.22–1.67) | 1.48 (1.25–1.75) | |
| Middle | 1.54(1.32–1.78) | 1.65 (1.41–1.94) | |
| High | 1.67(1.43–1.95) | 1.50 (1.27–1.78) | |
| Ethnicity | Fars | Reference | Reference |
| Arab | 0.54(0.47–0.61) | 0.67 (0.57–0.78) | |
| Bakhtiary | 0.78(0.67–0.92) | 0.91 (0.77–1.08) | |
| Others | 0.68(0.55–0.83) | 0.77 (0.62–0.97) | |
| BMI | Normal | Reference | Reference |
| Underweight | 0.34(0.19–0.58) | 0.59 (0.33–1.05) | |
| Overweight | 1.67(1.46–1.91) | 0.99 (0.85–1.15) | |
| Obesity | 1.99(1.73–2.28) | 0.85 (0.73–1.01) | |
| Physical activity | Low | Reference | – |
| Medium | 0.87(0.77–0.98) | – | |
| High | 0.70(0.61–0.80) | – | |
| HDL level (mg/dl) | > = 40 | Reference | Reference |
| < 40 | 1.34(1.18–1.52) | 1.27 (1.09–1.47) | |
| Hypertension | 4.48(4.02–5.00) | 2.18 (1.93–2.46) | |
| Ischemic heart disease | 3.48 (2.55–4.76) | – | |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 2.47(2.19–2.79) | – | |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 1.70(1.53–1.88) | 1.11 (0.98–1.24) | |
| Metabolic syndrome | 2.55(2.30–2.84) | – | |
| Smoking | 1.32(1.14–1.54) | – | |
| WC | 1.59 (1.51–1.68) | – | |
| WHtR | 1.64 (1.56–1.73) | – | |
| WHR | 1.84 (1.74–1.94) | 1.31 (1.22–1.40) | |
All variables with p-value less than 0.1 in cross-tabulation, included in multivariable analysis
HDL High-density Lipoprotein, BMI Body Mass Index, WC Waist circumference, WHtR Waist to height ratio, WHR Waist to hip ratio