Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of patients in the training and internal validation sets (n = 321).
| Variable | Training set (n = 256) |
Internal Validation set (n = 65) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moderate pneumonia | Severe pneumonia | p | Moderate pneumonia | Severe pneumonia | p | p | |
| Age (yr,mean ± SD) | 43.676 ± 16.078 | 64.482 ± 17.303 | 0.000** | 40.000 ± 14.121 | 65.393 ± 17.508 | 0.000** | 0.890* |
| Sex n(%) | 0.377# | 0.313# | 0.214# | ||||
| Men | 72(48.6%) | 59(54.6%) | 20(54.1%) | 19(67.9%) | |||
| women | 76(51.4%) | 49(45.4%) | 17(45.9%) | 9(32.1%) | |||
| Fever(n) | 91(54.5%) | 76(45.5%) | 0.147# | 24(52.2%) | 22(47.8%) | 0.279# | 0.463# |
| Cough(n) | 86(53.8%) | 74(46.2%) | 0.117# | 21(52.5%) | 19(47.5%) | 0.444# | 0.887# |
| Other symptoms(n) | 74(52.1%) | 68(47.9%) | 0.042# | 22(53.7%) | 19(46.3%) | 0.606# | 0.326# |
| high-risk heart conditions(n) | 19(29.2%) | 46(70.8%) | 0.000# | 5(22.7%) | 17(77.3%) | 0.000# | 0.211# |
| CLD(n) | 3(20.0%) | 12(80.0%) | 0.003# | 0(0.00%) | 0(0.00%) | NA | 0.048# |
| WBC (10^9/L) | 5.227 ± 2.955 | 13.922 ± 44.406 | 0.004** | 5.482 ± 2.561 | 15.413 ± 26.147 | 0.030** | 0.886* |
| N (10^9/L) | 3.441 ± 2.746 | 81.182 ± 204.596 | 0.000** | 3.526 ± 2.227 | 134.309 ± 266.247 | 0.000** | 0.037* |
| L (10^9/L) | 1.310 ± 0.590 | 2.580 ± 11.324 | 0.003* | 1.474 ± 0.875 | 0.778 ± 0.434 | 0.000** | 0.314* |
| D dimer (μg/mL) | 89.217 ± 169.431 | 48.046 ± 194.655 | 0.056* | 74.807 ± 153.752 | 46.288 ± 194.845 | 0.487* | 0.244* |
| albumin (g/L) | 40.465 ± 3.909 | 45.293 ± 50.910 | 0.000* | 40.841 ± 4.687 | 44.894 ± 60.191 | 0.051* | 0.741* |
| Cr(μmol/L) | 62.746 ± 33.771 | 95.242 ± 133.566 | 0.010** | 58.138 ± 19.012 | 65.034 ± 19.493 | 0.529* | 0.068* |
| CK (U/L) | 107.980 ± 114.984 | 327.280 ± 1336.189 | 0.007* | 133.097 ± 205.248 | 94.606 ± 102.351 | 0.422* | 0.248* |
| LDH (U/L) | 219.476 ± 86.180 | 618.741 ± 3181.724 | 0.001** | 211.938 ± 105.688 | 253.951 ± 108.985 | 0.630* | 0.041* |
| CRP(mg/L) | 20.301 ± 26.260 | 341.612 ± 1783.586 | 0.000** | 15.297 ± 19.802 | 232.289 ± 767.839 | 0.005* | 0.548* |
| co-infection | 7(18.4%) | 31(81.6%) | 0.000# | 1(8.3%) | 11(91.7%) | 0.000# | 0.450# |
Clinical characteristics and serum biomarkers of patients in the training and internal validation set. Other symptoms including muscle aches, fatigue, headache, nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain, shortness of breath and vomiting. High-risk heart conditions means companying with any of hypertension, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. CLD = chronic lung disease or asthma, WBC = white blood cells count, N = neutrophil count, L = lymphocyte count, Cr = creatinine, CK = creatine kinase, LDH = lactate dehydrogenase, CRP = C reactive protein and co-infection means co-infected with other pathogen infection.
Note: yr = year; std = standard deviation; P-value < 0.05 was considered as a significant difference.
student's t test
Mann–Whitney U test
chi-square test