Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of the sample and their relation to 30-day mortality in the univariate analysis.
| Variable (unit) | n (%)a | Missing data (%) | OR (CI 95%) | p-Value | PC+ | PC- | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, male | 1.419 | (83.7) | – | 1.46 | (0.34 − 6.37) | 1 | 1.06 | 0.72 | |
| Age (years)b | 78 | (69 − 83) | – | 1.06 | (1 − 1.12) | 0.048 | – | – | |
| Partial saturation of O2 (%)b | 93 | (90 − 95) | 683 | (40.3) | 0.88 | (0.84 − 0.93) | <0.001 | – | – |
| Respiratory rate (min-1)b | 20 | (15 − 24) | 1.596 | (94.1) | 1.12 | (1 − 1.26) | 0.043 | – | – |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)b | 134.5 | (120 − 145) | 1.302 | (76.8) | 0.97 | (0.95 − 1) | 0.072 | – | – |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)b | 70 | (64 − 80) | 1.304 | (76.9) | 0.96 | (0.92 − 1.01) | 0.136 | – | – |
| Heart rate (min-1)b | 84 | (72 − 95) | 1.023 | (60.3) | 1.03 | (1.01 − 1.06) | 0.014 | – | – |
| Temperature (°C)b | 36.4 | (35.9 − 37.2) | 1.433 | (84.5) | 1.04 | (0.5 − 2.16) | 0.924 | – | – |
| Oedema | 93 | (5.5) | 1.410 | (83.1) | 1.77 | (0.53 − 5.96) | 0.345 | 1.42 | 0.8 |
| Retractions or use of accessory respiratory muscles | 46 | (2.7) | 1.551 | (91.5) | 3.38 | (0.55 − 20.99) | 0.327 | 1.95 | 0.58 |
| Confusion | 8 | (0.5) | 479 | (28.2) | 30.7 | (5.65 − 166.37) | 0.004 | 26.31 | 0.87 |
| Degree of dyspnoea (mMRC) | – | 1.444 | (85.1) | – | – | – | – | ||
| Dyspnoea grade 0 | 48 | (2.8) | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Dyspnoea grade 1 | 11 | (0.6) | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Dyspnoea grade 2 | 38 | (2.2) | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Dyspnoea grade 3 | 42 | (2.5) | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Dyspnoea grade 4 | 113 | (6.7) | – | 9.11 | (1.1 − 75.21)c | 0.024 | 2.04 | 0.22 | |
| %FEV1* | 56.4 | (48.3 − 68.7) | 1.672 | (98.6) | – | – | – | – | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2)b | 28.3 | (25.6 − 31.6) | 739 | (43.6) | 0.9 | (0.75 − 1.09) | 0.283 | – | – |
| Exacerbations in the last 12 monthsb | 1 | (0 − 2) | – | 1.57 | (1.2 − 2.05) | 0.001 | |||
| Charlson Indexb | 1 | (1 − 2) | – | 1.08 | (0.88 − 1.33) | 0.478 | – | – | |
| Charlson Index >1 | 842 | (49.6) | – | 2.45 | (0.86 − 7) | 0.083 | 1.43 | 0.58 | |
| Cardiovascular disease | 363 | (21.4) | – | 3.31 | (1.27 − 8.65) | 0.016 | 2.23 | 0.67 | |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 123 | (7.3) | – | 0.8 | (0.1 − 6.06) | 1 | 0.81 | 1.01 | |
| Heart failure | 115 | (6.8) | – | 4.35 | (1.39 − 13.55) | 0.024 | 3.56 | 0.82 | |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 102 | (6) | – | 2.1 | (0.47 − 9.33) | 0.273 | 1.98 | 0.94 | |
| Acute myocardial infarction | 79 | (4.7) | – | 4.52 | (1.27 − 16.06) | 0.041 | 3.9 | 0.86 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 400 | (23.6) | – | 1 | (0.32 − 3.07) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Dementia | 24 | (1.4) | – | – | 1 | – | – | ||
| Cancerd | 162 | (9.6) | – | 2.05 | (0.58 − 7.2) | 0.217 | 1.86 | 0.91 | |
| Home care programme | 110 | (6.5) | – | 1.94 | (0.44 − 8.59) | 0.303 | 1.83 | 0.94 | |
| Rural health centre | 773 | (46.6) | – | 2.21 | (0.81 − 5.99) | 0.142 | 1.43 | 0.65 | |
| Season | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||
| Spring | 390 | (23.0) | – | 1.84 | (0.68 − 5.01)e | 0.246 | 1.54 | 0.84 | |
| Summer | 236 | (13.9) | – | 1.33 | (0.38 − 4.66)e | 0.721 | 1.27 | 0.96 | |
| Autumn | 520 | (30.7) | – | 0.94 | (0.33 − 2.69)e | 1 | 0.96 | 1.02 | |
| Winter | 550 | (32.4) | – | 0.44 | (0.13 − 1.55)e | 0.297 | 0.54 | 1.22 | |
| Death at 30 days | 17 | (1) | – | – | – | – | – | ||
CI: confidence interval; PC+: positive likelihood ratio; PC-: negative likelihood ratio; O2: oxygen; min: minute; mmHg: millimetres of mercury; °C: degrees Celsius, %FEV1: percentage of forced expiratory volume in the first second in relation to the expected FEV; mMRC: modified dyspnoea scale of the Medical Research Council.
a
if not otherwise specified.
b
Median (interquartile range).
c
dyspnoea = 4 vs. dyspnoea <4.
d
except basal cell carcinoma.
e
vs. rest of stations.