Table 1.

Adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of all‐cause, ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease mortality among Japanese patients with diabetic nephropathy for microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria

Risk factor	All causes	P‐value	Ischemic heart disease	P‐value	Cerebrovascular disease	P‐value
Macroalbuminuria vs microalbuminuria	1.28 (1.06–1.54)	0.0086	2.08 (1.11–3.91)	0.023	1.28 (0.60–2.76)	0.52
Men vs women	1.17 (0.92–1.49)	0.21	1.70 (0.81–3.54)	0.160	0.92 (0.34–2.48)	0.870
Age per 10 years	2.03 (1.84–2.24)	<0.0001	1.92 (1.31–2.83)	<0.0001	2.26 (1.50–3.40)	<0.0001
HbA1c ≥7% vs <7%	0.69 (0.57–0.84)	0.0002	0.95 (0.53–1.70)	0.85	0.37 (0.15–0.93)	0.034
LDL cholesterol ≥140 mg/dL vs <140 mg/dL	1.07 (0.64–1.80)	0.80	1.31 (0.31–5.49)	0.71	–†	–
Blood pressure, ≥140/90 mmHg	1.01 (0.79–1.30)	0.92	1.99 (0.85–4.66)	0.12	0.68 (0.27–1.71)	0.41
Blood pressure, ≥120/80 mmHg	0.86 (0.67–1.10)	0.22	1.33 (0.55–3.22)	0.53	0.40 (0.15–1.10)	0.075
Blood pressure, <120/80 mmHg	Ref	–	Ref	–	Ref
Current smoker	1.70 (1.33–2.18)	<0.0001	1.30 (0.63–2.71)	0.48	1.59 (0.58–4.41)	0.37
Ex‐smoker	1.26 (0.97–1.62)	0.078	0.52 (0.21–1.29)	0.16	1.01 (0.33–3.05)	0.99
Never smoker	Ref	–	Ref	–	Ref	–
Alcohol drinker	1.02 (0.83–1.26)	0.49	0.79 (0.40–1.55)	0.49	1.10 (0.45–2.67)	0.83
Non‐drinker	Ref	–	Ref	–	Ref	–
BMI, <18.5 kg/m2	1.79 (1.33–2.41)	0.0001	2.95 (1.14–7.69)	0.027	2.01 (0.54–7.48)	0.30
BMI, 18.5–21.9 kg/m2	1.50 (1.17–1.93)	0.0016	0.82 (0.28–2.40)	0.71	2.71 (0.90–8.16)	0.076
BMI, 22–24.9 kg/m2	Ref	–	Ref	–	Ref	–
BMI, ≥25 kg/m2	0.99 (0.77–1.26)	0.91	1.83 (0.86–3.90)	0.12	1.33 (0.43–4.12)	0.63

BMI, body mass index; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; Ref, reference.

Total n = 2,381.

^† Risk for serum low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level could not be analyzed for this outcome.