Table 1.
Participant characteristics of seven classifications in Chinese population with type 2 diabetes
| 1/SIRD (n = 95) | 2/SIDD (n = 999) | 3/MOD (n = 859) | 4/SAID (n = 128) | 5/UARD (n = 618) | 6/MARD (n = 1236) | 7/IRD (n = 1076) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men (%) | 52 (54.7%) | 521 (52.2%) | 564 (65.7%) | 70 (54.7%) | 378 (61.2%) | 622 (50.3%) | 562 (52.2%) |
| Smoking (%) | 33 (34.7%) | 271 (27.1%) | 278 (32.4%) | 38 (29.7%) | 165 (26.7%) | 251 (20.3%) | 262 (24.3%) |
| Drinking (%) | 23 (24.2%) | 199 (19.9%) | 223 (26%) | 22 (17.2%) | 117 (18.9%) | 189 (15.3%) | 202 (18.8%) |
| Family history of diabetes (%) | 31 (32.6%) | 337 (33.7%) | 338 (39.4%) | 42 (32.8%) | 176 (28.5%) | 306 (24.7%) | 500 (46.5%) |
| GADA (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 128 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Duration (years) | 6.8 ± 5.3 | 8.2 ± 5.9 | 9.5 ± 6.4 | 8.7 ± 6 | 9.3 ± 6.2 | 8.2 ± 5.5 | 10.3 ± 8.8 |
| Age (years) | 44.2 ± 11.6 | 50.7 ± 10.0 | 40.8 ± 9.1 | 48.4 ± 11.8 | 51.4 ± 10.8 | 59 ± 6.8 | 42.6 ± 6.1 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 138.1 ± 21.2 | 135.3 ± 20.5 | 138.4 ± 19.1 | 134.4 ± 18.4 | 143.3 ± 22.8 | 140 ± 19.8 | 136.0 ± 21.3 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 83.5 ± 13.8 | 80.3 ± 11.5 | 84.7 ± 11.9 | 80.4 ± 12.3 | 81.0 ± 12.6 | 78.8 ± 11.4 | 81.3 ± 11.6 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.7 ± 3.4 | 23.7 ± 2.8 | 28.2 ± 3.1 | 23.7 ± 3.8 | 25.9 ± 4.3 | 24.5 ± 2.9 | 23.0 ± 2.5 |
| WHR | 1.0 ± 0.06 | 0.9 ± 0.07 | 1.0 ± 0.06 | 0.9 ± 0.07 | 1.0 ± 0.07 | 0.9 ± 0.07 | 0.9 ± 0.06 |
| Hb (g/L) | 130.6 ± 26.1 | 131.4 ± 18.6 | 134.2 ± 21.5 | 122.8 ± 20.2 | 115.5 ± 24.5 | 124.1 ± 18.9 | 127.1 ± 20.5 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 14.6 ± 10.9 | 1.7 ± 1.0 | 3.5 ± 2.2 | 1.8 ± 1.7 | 2.1 ± 1.3 | 1.7 ± 1.0 | 1.8 ± 1.0 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 7.1 ± 3.1 | 4.5 ± 1.1 | 4.8 ± 1.2 | 4.2 ± 1.1 | 4.3 ± 1.3 | 4.2 ± 1.0 | 4.3 ± 1.1 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 0.9 ± 0.7 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 2.4 ± 1.6 | 2.9 ± 1.0 | 3.0 ± 1.0 | 2.5 ± 0.9 | 2.7 ± 1.0 | 2.6 ± 0.9 | 2.7 ± 1.0 |
| Alb (g/L) | 37.3 ± 5.6 | 35.4 ± 4.8 | 37.1 ± 5.1 | 36.6 ± 4.6 | 34.9 ± 5.7 | 36.6 ± 4.4 | 36.8 ± 5.2 |
| HbA1C(%) | 10.1 ± 2.2 | 11.7 ± 1.5 | 9.3 ± 1.6 | 8.7 ± 2.3 | 7.1 ± 1.4 | 7.5 ± 1.2 | 8.0 ± 1.4 |
| HOMA2‐B (%) | 35.3 ± 28.8 | 25.1 ± 15.9 | 40.7 ± 22.5 | 49.6 ± 45 | 129.0 ± 66.6 | 58.7 ± 27.7 | 44.8 ± 25.3 |
| HOMA2‐IR | 5.5 ± 10.7 | 1.1 ± 0.7 | 1.6 ± 0.9 | 1.2 ± 0.9 | 2.1 ± 1.2 | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 1.1 ± 0.6 |
| Cr (umol/L) | 84.0 ± 59.3 | 66.0 ± 26.6 | 88.0 ± 61.0 | 77.9 ± 53.6 | 173.0 ± 152.2 | 80.8 ± 49.1 | 77.8 ± 60.6 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 138.1 ± 76.6 | 140.7 ± 49.1 | 124.8 ± 56.1 | 134.4 ± 57.5 | 72.8 ± 46.5 | 113.6 ± 39.9 | 135.4 ± 53.2 |
| UA (umol/L) | 341.3 ± 111.0 | 263.3 ± 73.9 | 372.5 ± 86.4 | 300.6 ± 96.7 | 436.7 ± 108.0 | 303.6 ± 71.9 | 280.5 ± 65.2 |
| Proteinuria (mg/day) | 172.3 | 130.7 | 180.2 | 125.6 | 321.3 | 120.5 | 126.4 |
| Vitamin D (nmol/L) | 23.8 ± 9.5 | 39.5 ± 18.3 | 35.3 ± 15.2 | 43.6 ± 18.9 | 38.5 ± 19.6 | 41.4 ± 18.6 | 41.5 ± 18.3 |
| ACEI (%) | 17 (17.9%) | 174 (17.4%) | 175 (20.4%) | 12 (9.4%) | 101 (16.3%) | 236 (19.1%) | 168 (15.6%) |
| ARB (%) | 26 (27.4%) | 228 (22.8%) | 261 (30.4%) | 29 (22.7%) | 173 (28.0%) | 339 (27.4%) | 222 (20.6%) |
| Lipid‐lowering drugs | 83 (87.4%) | 766 (76.6%) | 703 (81.8%) | 89 (69.5%) | 453 (73.3%) | 908 (73.5%) | 727 (67.6%) |
| OHA | 71 (74.7%) | 756 (75.6%) | 724 (84.3%) | 83 (64.8%) | 377 (61.0%) | 934 (75.6%) | 786 (73.0%) |
| Insulin | 83 (87.4%) | 881 (88.1%) | 637 (74.2%) | 92 (71.9%) | 326 (52.8%) | 697 (56.4%) | 741 (68.9%) |
Homoeostatic model assessment 2‐B (HOMA2‐B) and homoeostatic model assessment 2‐insulin resistance (HOMA2‐IR) were applied to estimate the function of β‐cell and insulin resistance, respectively, which were calculated using fasting plasma glucose and c‐peptide.
ACEI, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; Alb, albumin; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; Cr, creatinine; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GADA, glutamate decarboxylase antibodies; Hb, hemoglobin; HbA1C, glycosylated hemoglobin; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol; LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol; OHA, oral hypoglycemic agents; PLT, platelet; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; WHR, waist‐to‐hip ratio; UA, uric acid.