. 2021 Aug 10;63(1):e12263. doi: 10.1002/1348-9585.12263

TABLE 1.

Serum Na⁺, K⁺, Cl⁻, osmolality (Sosm), blood glucose (Glc), and plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) levels during the experiment for W, CH, and ICE conditions

	Before pre‐ingestion	After exercise	45 min after post‐ingestion		90 min after post‐ingestion
Serum Na⁺ (mEq/L)
W	139.9 ± 1.5	141.6 ± 1.9	136.5 ± 1.6		137.5 ± 1.5
CH	139.9 ± 1.2	141.7 ± 1.5	138.8 ± 1.4	^†P < .001	139.1 ± 1.2	^†P = .001
ICE	139.8 ± 1.4	141.4 ± 1.8	139.0 ± 1.3	^*P < .001	139.3 ± 1.1	^*P < .001
Serum K⁺ (mEq/L)
W	4.23 ± 0.26	4.35 ± 0.14	4.33 ± 0.35		4.22 ± 0.26
CH	4.18 ± 0.32	4.36 ± 0.16	4.03 ± 0.25	^†P = .004	4.17 ± 0.25
ICE	4.13 ± 0.18	4.34 ± 0.22	3.99 ± 0.25	^*P = .019	4.08 ± 0.28
Serum Cl⁻ (mEq/L)
W	103.8 ± 1.5	104.1 ± 2.5	100.7 ± 1.6		101.2 ± 1.7
CH	103.5 ± 1.3	104.7 ± 1.5	102.2 ± 0.9	^†P = .004	102.7 ± 0.9	^†P = .004
ICE	103.0 ± 1.6	103.8 ± 1.7	101.7 ± 1.4	^*P = .019	102.3 ± 1.6	^*P = .012
Sosm (mOsm/kg H₂O)
W	282.5 ± 2.7	285.5 ± 3.8	273.8 ± 3.0		275.9 ± 3.1
CH	282.9 ± 2.4	286.3 ± 3.3	283.0 ± 2.4	^†P < .001	277.8 ± 1.9
ICE	282.0 ± 2.8	285.9 ± 3.7	281.9 ± 2.6	^*P < .001	278.8 ± 2.1	^*P = .003
Glc (mmol/L)
W	4.68 ± 0.33	4.66 ± 0.38	4.33 ± 0.20		4.32 ± 0.21
CH	4.78 ± 0.40	4.77 ± 0.34	6.27 ± 0.91	^†P < .001	3.70 ± 0.60	^†P = .004
ICE	4.52 ± 0.21	4.86 ± 0.54	5.61 ± 0.72	^*P < .001 ^#P = .048	3.75 ± 0.54
AVP (pg/mL)
W	1.48 ± 0.52	10.15 ± 16.12	1.28 ± 0.55		1.45 ± 0.54
CH	1.65 ± 0.73	10.47 ± 11.57	1.60 ± 0.76		1.65 ± 1.16
ICE	1.46 ± 0.66	5.53 ± 4.72	1.66 ± 0.68		1.52 ± 0.55

Means ± standard deviations for 12 subjects in the W, CH, ICE conditions, respectively.

^{^†}

P < .05 (W vs CH).

P < .05 (W vs ICE).

^{^#}

P < .05 (CH vs ICE).