Figure 4. Longitudinal sample counts and proportions of DHA-PPQ-R parasites in three provinces of Central Vietnam.

The same geographical area (Gia Lai, Dak Lak, and Dak Nong provinces) is shown for two malaria seasons: 2017/18 (12 months from May 2017, n=523) and 2018/2019 (the following 12 months, n=455). Districts are represented by markers whose size is proportional to the number of samples, and whose color indicates the frequency of samples carrying both the kelch13 C580Y mutation and the plasmepsin2/3 amplification, and thus predicted to be DHA-PPQ-R. Marker labels show district name, resistant parasite frequency, and sample count.

Figure 4—figure supplement 1. Frequencies of ART-R and PPQ-R parasites in Vietnam.

The three maps show frequencies of predicted resistance to artemisinin (A, n=1543), piperaquine (B, n=1380), and DHA-piperaquine (C, n=1372). Samples are aggregated by district, represented by a marker; estimates are shown only for districts with more than 10 collected samples. Marker text and color indicate the proportion of sample classified as resistant in each district. Labels show the names of the seven provinces where samples were collected.

Figure 4—figure supplement 2. Distribution of kelch13 alleles in seven provinces of Vietnam.

Each pie chart shows the proportions of kelch13 alleles in samples collected in each province. Numbers by each pie slice indicate the actual number of samples carrying that allele. Samples with heterozygous kelch13 calls were disregarded. A total of 1567 samples with kelch13 genotypes were analyzed.