Table 3.
Subgroup analyses of the pooled ORs for associations between HbA1c level and the adverse prognosis of COVID-19.
| Subgroups | No. of studies | OR (95% CI) | Z-value | pa | Heterogeneity |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I2 (%) | pb | |||||
| Study period | ||||||
| <30d | 3 | 1.43 (0.73,2.80) | 1.05 | 0.295 | 54.6 | 0.11 |
| ≥30d | 3 | 2.63 (1.84,3.75) | 5.32 | 0 | 27.3 | 0.25 |
| Sample size | ||||||
| <100 | 2 | 0.64 (0.23,1.75) | 0.86 | 0.387 | 0 | 0.97 |
| 100 ≤ n < 200 | 2 | 3.73 (2.06,6.77) | 4.33 | 0 | 0 | 0.36 |
| 200 ≤ n < 300 | 2 | 2.26 (1.52,3.37) | 4.02 | 0 | 0 | 0.84 |
| Age | ||||||
| <65y | 1 | 4.77 (2.16,10.57) | 3.85 | 0 | N/A | N/A |
| ≥65y | 4 | 2.01 (1.40,2.88) | 3.78 | 0 | 48 | 0.12 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 4 | 2.45 (1.75,3.42) | 5.23 | 0 | 58.8 | 0.06 |
| Female | 1 | 0.66 (0.12,3.50) | 0.49 | 0.625 | N/A | N/A |
| Diabetic status | ||||||
| DM | 2 | 1.46 (0.59,3.62) | 0.81 | 0.416 | 18.9 | 0.27 |
| AI | 4 | 2.45 (1.75,3.42) | 5.23 | 0 | 58.8 | 0.06 |
| HTN | ||||||
| <50% | 2 | 2.69 (1.37,5.26) | 2.88 | 0.004 | 85.9 | 0.01 |
| ≥50% | 2 | 1.98 (0.90,4.37) | 1.69 | 0.092 | 53.4 | 0.14 |
CI: confidence interval; N/A, not applicable; DM, patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus; AI, all included with or without diabetes; OR, odds ratio; HTN, hypertension; pa, p-value for Z test; pb, p-value for Q test.