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. 2021 Aug 11;39:100443. doi: 10.1016/j.sste.2021.100443

Table A.1.

Data sources in this study.

Covariate Description Sources
Canada
 COVID-19 Github, Berry et al. (2020) https://github.com/ishaberry/Covid19Canada
 PM2.5 2014–2016, Environment Canada’s NAPS; Health Canada http://maps-cartes.ec.gc.ca/rnspa-naps/data.aspx?lang and Rural data
 NO2 2014–2016, Environment Canada’s NAPS; Health Canada http://maps-cartes.ec.gc.ca/rnspa-naps/data.aspx?lang and Rural data
 Lung cancer 2013/2015, Government of Canada https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/0112f88b-c08f-4a7a-8379-1c88b57c7412
 Employment 2011,Statistics Canada https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/en/type/data?HPA=1
 Ethnicity 2011,Statistics Canada https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/en/type/data?HPA=1
 Population 2018,Statistics Canada https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710013401
 Shapefile Scholars Portal Dataverse, Lucas (2020) https://doi.org/10.5683/SP2/EIHG8O

Italy
 COVID-19 R package covid19ita from Github https://github.com/UBESP-DCTV/covid19ita/
 PM2.5 2016–2018, European Environment Agency https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/aqereporting-8
 NO2 2016–2018, European Environment Agency https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/aqereporting-8
 Lung cancer Istituto Nazionale di Statistica http://dati.istat.it/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=DCIS_CMORTE1_EV
 Vulnerability Istituto Nazionale di Statistica http://ottomilacensus.istat.it/
 Ethnicity Istituto Nazionale di Statistica http://dati.istat.it/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=DCIS_POPSTRRES1
 Population Istituto Nazionale di Statistica http://demo.istat.it/index_e.html
 Shapefile Istituto Nazionale di Statistica https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/222527

England
 COVID-19 GOV.UK https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/
 PM2.5 2016–2018, European Environment Agency https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/aqereporting-8
 NO2 2016–2018, European Environment Agency https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/aqereporting-8
 Lung cancer 2012–2016, Public Health England https://www.localhealth.org.uk/#c=home
 Employment 2017/2018, Public Health England https://www.localhealth.org.uk/#c=home
 Ethnicity 2011, Public Health England https://www.localhealth.org.uk/#c=home
 Population 2019, Office for National Statistics https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration
 Shapefile Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government http://data-communities.opendata.arcgis.com/search?q=Local%20Authority

United States
 COVID-19 USA FACTS https://usafacts.org/visualizations/coronavirus-covid-19-spread-map/
 PM2.5 2016–2018, Atmospheric Composition Analysis Group https://sites.wustl.edu/acag/
 NO2 2017–2019, EPA; 2009–2011, Atmospheric Composition Analysis Group https://www.epa.gov/outdoor-air-quality-data; https://sites.wustl.edu/acag/
 Lung cancer 2012–2016, State Cancer Profiles https://statecancerprofiles.cancer.gov/incidencerates/index.php
 Employment 2018, Killeen et al. (2020) https://www.kaggle.com/jieyingwu/covid19-us-countylevel-summaries
 Ethnicity 2010, Killeen et al. (2020) https://www.kaggle.com/jieyingwu/covid19-us-countylevel-summaries
 Population 2019, USA FACTS https://usafacts.org/visualizations/coronavirus-covid-19-spread-map/
 Shapefile United States Census Bureau https://www2.census.gov/geo/tiger/TIGER2019/COUNTY/