Table 2.
Maximum Exercise Cardiopulmonary Hemodynamics
| Variable | Patients Recovered From COVID-19 (n = 10) | Control Participants (n = 10) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maximum CPET data | |||
| Peak VO2, % predicted | 70 ± 11 | 131 ± 45 | .001 |
| Peak VO2, mL/min/kg | 16.7 ± 4.2 | 33.5 ± 12.9 | .001 |
| Peak heart rate, % predicted | 84 ± 8 | 84 ± 2 | .85 |
| Delta ETCO2, mm Hg | –0.5 (–4 to 1) | –1 (–2 to 13) | .57 |
| Peak SaO2, % | 98 (98-98) | 97 (97-98) | .01 |
| Peak MvO2, % | 50 ± 10 | 22 ± 5 | < .0001 |
| Venous PO2, mm Hg | 33 ± 6 | 22 ± 2 | .001 |
| VE/VCO2 slope | 35 ± 5 | 27 ± 5 | .01 |
| CaO2, mL/dL | 18.6 ± 1.3 | 19.5 ± 2.3 | .29 |
| Peak DO2, mL/kg/min | 3.6 ± 1.4 | 4.2 ± 1.5 | .33 |
| Peak EO2 | 0.49 ± 0.1 | 0.78 ± 0.1 | < .0001 |
| Peak exercise hemodynamics | |||
| Cardiac output, % predicted | 115 ± 44 | 123 ± 34 | .64 |
| Cardiac index, L/min/m2 | 7.8 ± 3.1 | 8.4 ± 2.3 | .59 |
| Stroke volume index, mL/m2 | 54.1 ± 20.8 | 63.5 ± 22.2 | .34 |
| RA pressure, mm Hg | 3 ± 4 | 6 ± 3 | .08 |
| mPAP, mm Hg | 18 ± 5 | 30 ± 4 | < .0001 |
| PAWP, mm Hg | 8 ± 4 | 13 ± 3 | .01 |
| PVR, WU | 0.69 ± 0.44 | 0.99 ± 0.36 | .11 |
| TPR, WU | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 2.0 ± 0.4 | .002 |
| PA compliance, mL/mm Hg | 4.7 ± 2.3 | 4.3 ± 2.1 | .67 |
| SVR index, dynes/s/cm5/m2 | 1,272 ± 398 | 1,119 ± 283 | .33 |
Data are presented as No. (%), mean ± SD, or median (interquartile range). CaO2 = arterial oxygen content; CPET = cardiopulmonary exercise testing; DO2 = oxygen delivery; EO2 = systemic oxygen extraction; ETCO2 = end tidal CO2; mPAP = mean pulmonary artery pressure; MvO2 = mixed venous oxygen saturation; PA = pulmonary artery; PAWP = pulmonary artery wedge pressure; PVR = pulmonary vascular resistance; SaO2 = oxygen saturation in arterial blood; RA = right atrial; SVR = systemic vascular resistance; TPR = total pulmonary resistance; VE/VCO2 = ventilatory efficiency; VO2 = oxygen consumption; WU = Woods unit.