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. 2021 Aug 11;50(2):381–394. doi: 10.1007/s15010-021-01672-z

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among healthcare workers. a Percentage of SARS-CoV-2 seropositive HCWs by self-reported instances of different types of high-risk exposure. Only staff reporting exposures of a single type is shown. b Percentages and absolute numbers of SARS-CoV-2 Ab⁺ staff members self-reporting combinations of high-risk exposures in different settings. Numbers outside the diagram correspond to staff members in none of the depicted groups. c SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity risk ratio (RR) of nurses, physicians and other patient-facing HCWs and average self-reported patient contacts per day relative to staff without patient contact (RR set to 1). Shaded areas depict 95% confidence intervals (CIs). p values from Fisher’s exact test are reported where p < 0.05. d SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity RRs for HCWs originating from different departments relative to staff without patient contact (RR set to 1). Departments that deployed staff members to COVID-19 units are termed “COVID-19 response depts.”, all others are grouped under “non-COVID-19 depts.”. Staff from COVID-19 response departments were further stratified according to their deployment to COVID-19 units and to the medical specialty of their department. Dots represent risk ratios, while lines indicate 95% CIs. e SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity RRs for HCWs self-reporting patient contact on different types of clinical units. Multiple selections were possible. f Self-reported smoking behavior and risk for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity. Bars represent percentages of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Ab⁺ staff. Error bars represent 95% CIs. g Self-reported number of children living in the same household with HCWs as a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity. p values in a, d–g were calculated using Fisher’s exact test and are reported as adjusted p values after Holm’s multiple testing correction. Numbers next to datapoints indicate number of staff members per group and numbers in braces indicate number of Ab⁺ staff members (c–e). Dotted lines correspond to the risk of staff without patient contact (c–e, 1.5%) or number of SARS-CoV-2 Ab⁺ staff from the entire dataset (a, f, g, 2.2%)