Table 3.
Regressions Showing Standardized Coefficients for Direct and Interactive Associations between Neighborhood SES, Prosocial Behavior, and Academic Outcomes
| Early Learning Goals (Age 4–5) | Phonics Skills (Age 5–6) | Academic Performance (Age 6–7) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||||||||||
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | |||||||
|
|
||||||||||||
| B | SE | B | SE | B | SE | B | SE | B | SE | B | SE | |
|
|
||||||||||||
| Neighborhood SES | 0.08* | (0.03) | 0.08* | (0.03) | 0.09* | (0.04) | 0.09* | (0.04) | 0.09* | (0.04) | 0.09* | (0.04) |
| Prosocial Behavior | 0.50*** | (0.03) | 0.50*** | (0.03) | 0.33*** | (0.03) | 0.33*** | (0.03) | 0.42*** | (0.03) | 0.42*** | (0.03) |
| Female Child | 0.13** | (0.05) | 0.14** | (0.05) | 0.13* | (0.06) | 0.14* | (0.06) | 0.09 | (0.06) | 0.10+ | (0.06) |
| South Asian Ethnicity | −0.28** | (0.09) | −0.28** | (0.09) | 0.07 | (0.11) | 0.07 | (0.11) | 0.01 | (0.10) | 0.02 | (0.10) |
| Family SES | 0.33*** | (0.08) | 0.32*** | (0.08) | 0.36*** | (0.10) | 0.36*** | (0.10) | 0.38*** | (0.09) | 0.37*** | (0.09) |
| SES × Prosocial | −0.05+ | (0.02) | −0.06* | (0.03) | −0.08** | (0.03) | ||||||
| Constant | −0.34*** | (0.09) | −0.34*** | (0.09) | −0.44*** | (0.11) | −0.43*** | (0.11) | −0.34** | (0.10) | −0.34*** | (0.10) |
|
| ||||||||||||
| Observations | 1,088 | 1,088 | 1,051 | 1,051 | 1,050 | 1,050 | ||||||
| R-squared | 0.327 | 0.330 | 0.135 | 0.139 | 0.211 | 0.219 | ||||||
| Number of teachers | 179 | 179 | 179 | 179 | 179 | 179 | ||||||
Standard errors in parentheses.
***
p<0.001
**
p<0.01
*
p<0.05
+
p<0.1.