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. 2021 Aug 10;11:16252. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-95320-z

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Representative EM images showing cross sections of the RPE cell layer and RPE granules. (a) The RPE cell layer of a WT mouse. (b) The RPE cell layer of an Abca4^−/− mouse. The bottom panels of (a,b) are the color-coded classified granules showing their locations. Number of granules per μm² calculated for (c) lipofuscin, (d) melanolipofuscin, (e) melnaosomes, and (f) combined lipofuscin and melanolipofuscin. The values shown are means and standard error. Six images were quantified per strain (one eye each from 2 animals per group were analyzed and 3 images per eye were counted). Black arrows and dots: melanosomes; Blue arrows and dots: lipofuscin; Green arrows and dots: phagocytosed outer segments; red arrows and dots: melanolipofuscin, Scale bars: 10 μm. (*p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ***p < 0.001).