Fig. 7. Single-cell analysis in HTLV-1-infected carriers.

a–e t-SNE projection of scRNA-seq data in AC#2, #5, and #6, with cells colored according to lineage inference (a), single-cell mutation detection (b), viral antisense RNA (c), host–virus chimeric transcripts (d), and CADM1 expression (e). f Common differentially upregulated 40 genes in HTLV-1-infected cells in three ACs (FC ≥ 2 vs. uninfected CD4⁺ cluster, two-sided p ≤ 0.05). g GARP and LAP staining of PBMC from ATL#3 gated on CD4⁺/CADM1⁻ and CD4⁺/CADM1⁺ subpopulations. Quadrants are set based on background staining from isotype controls. h Bar graph shows GARP-positive cells (%) in PBMC from three ACs (AC#2, #5, #6) gated on CD4⁺/CADM1⁻ and CD4⁺/CADM1⁺ subpopulations. mean ± SD. A two-sided Student’s t test was performed.