Table 5.
Treatment and patient outcomes in Group 1.
| Patient | AIGAs | TM therapy | NTM therapy | AIGAs treatment | Duration | Outcome* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P1 | Positive | VCZ + AMB 2w. Secondary prophylaxis VCZ 12 m | RFP + EMB + MXFX + CLR 6 m, then relapse after 1 m of withdrawal, changed to Biapenem + LVFX for 5 m | None | 12 m | TM effective; NTM relapse |
| P2 | Positive | Intravenous VCZ for 2w then oral VCZ 5 m | EMB + INH + RFP | None | 15 m | TM relapse; NTM persistent infection |
| P3 | Positive | Intravenous VCZ for 2w then oral VCZ for 6 m | LVFX + EMB | None | 12 m | TM relapse; NTM persistent infection |
| P4 | Positive | AMB for 2w, then oral VCZ 12 m | CLR + MXFX + RZA + SMZ for 7 m | None | 20 m | TM and NTM effective |
| P5 | Positive | Oral ICZ for 24 m | MXFX + EMB for 36 m | None | 36 m | TM and NTM effective |
| P6 | Positive | AMB for 2w, secondary prophylaxis oral ICZ for 4 m | CLR + MXFX for 6 m then relapse, change to MXFX + IMP for 6 m | None | 12 m | TM and NTM relapse |
| P7 | Positive | Oral ICZ for 12 m | INH + RFP + EMB + PZA | None | 36 m | TM effective; NTM persistent infection |
| P8 | Positive | AMB for 2w, then oral ICZ | CLR + AMK 7 m | None | 43 m | TM and NTM effective |
| P9 | Positive | Intravenous VCZ for 3 days then oral VCZ | None | None | 3 days | Death |
| P10 | Positive | Oral ICZ | None | None | 60 m | TM and NTM persistent infection |
| P11 | Positive | AMB for 2w, then oral ICZ | None | None | 6 m | Lost to follow-up |
| P12 | Positive | AMB for 2w, then oral ICZ for 18 m. VCZ for 60 m for relapse | CLR + MXFX | None | 78 m | TM and NTM both relapse |
| P13 | Positive | AMB for 2w, then oral VCZ | CLR + CXT + MXFX for 12 m; then AMK + IMP + AZM for 6 m for relapse | None | 18 m | TM effective; NTM relapse |
| P14 | Positive | ICZ for 12w | IMP + CLR for 36 m | None | 40 m | TM and NTM Effective |
| P1513 | NA | Micafungin | AZM + RFP + EMB | None | – | TM and NTM effective |
| P1614 | Positive | AMB | RIF + EMB + CLR + CIP then relapse, changed to CIP + INH + RIF + CLR | None | 60 m | TM and NTM persistent infection |
| P1715 | NA | AMB for 5 m, then oral ICZ for 25 m | RFP + EMB + CLR for 19 m | None | 41 m | TM and NTM effective |
| P1816 | Positive | LAMB for 2w, then oral ICZ for 6 m | IMP + AMK for 1 m, then AMK + CLR + CIP for 3 m then relapse, changed to CLR + EMB for 1 m | Rituximab plus methylprednisolone | 55 m | TM Effective; NTM relapse |
| P1917 | Positive | AMB + ICZ for 2w, then oral ICZ | LXFX | None | – | TM and NTM effective |
| P1018 | Positive | ICZ for 10 m | INH + RFP + PZA + EMB + MXFX for 24 m then relapse, and changed to INH + RFP + PZA + EMB + CLR + SMZ 6 m | None | 69 m | TM effective, NTM relapse |
| P2119 | Positive | ICZ | IMP for 6 m then relapse, then changed to MEM + AMK + TGC | None | 78 m | TM effective; NTM persistent infection |
| P2219 | Positive | AMB for 2w, then oral ICZ for 10w | INH + EMB + CLR + AMK + OFLX for 22 m, then changed to EMB + CLR + AMK + OFLX | None | 114 m | TM effective; NTM relapse |
NA anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies not detected, AMB amphotericin B, LAMB amphotericin B liposome, VCZ voriconazole, ICZ itraconazole, EMB ethambutol, RFP rifampin, CIP ciprofloxacin, INH isoniazid, PZA pyrazinamide, OFLX ofloxacin, CXT cefoxitin, IMP imipenem, AMK amikacin, CLR clarithromycin, LXFX levofloxacin, MXFX moxifloxacin, SMZ sulfamethoxazole, MEM meropenem, TGC tigecycline, AIGAs anti–interferon-γ autoantibodies.
*For 14 patients the outcome assessment was performed at their last outpatient follow-up. For 8 patients that were part of the systematic literature review, their outcome assessment was extracted from the literature. For the following patients, the duration between the time the treatment was stopped, and the outcome assessment was respectively: 12 months for P15; 19 months for P16; 10 months for P18; 12 months for P19; and 6 months for P22. For the following patients, the outcome assessment time was performed when they were discharged: P17, P21, and P21.