Table 1.
Mean participant demographics and questionnaire scores by group.
| Schizophrenia spectrum n = 36 | BPAD n = 15 | Other psychotic disorders n = 17 | Non-psychotic disorders n = 18 | Healthy controls n = 20 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) |
34.44 (9.44) range 19–53 |
36.60 (14.80) range 19–65 |
30.65 (7.61) range 18–43 |
36.17 (13.57) range 19–59 |
34.05 (10.72) range 18–56 |
| Males/females | 23/13 | 9/6 | 12/5 | 6/12 | 12/8 |
| (% male) | (65%) | (60%) | (71%) | (33%) | (60%) |
| Education (years) | 10.89 (2.55)* | 11.40 (1.76) | 11.65 (3.28) | 11.83 (2.48) | 13.00 (1.59)* |
| Premorbid IQa | 100.33 (10.93)* | 103.62 (8.83) | 102.65 (9.94) | 105.69 (10.73) | 108.70 (6.57)* |
| Illness duration (years) | 9.12 (7.56) | 8.87 (11.07) | 4.15 (6.31) | 8.45 (9.97) | – |
| Antipsychotic daily doseb | 367.2 mg (276.2) | 358.9 mg (52.6) | 225.9 mg (115.6) | 155.6 mg (212.4) | – |
| Benzodiazepine daily dosec | 35.00 mg (26.30) | 44.00 mg (35.25) | – | 23.13 mg (17.72) | – |
| PANSS | |||||
| Positive scale | 17.28 (5.45) | 18.47 (4.17) | 14.24 (4.35) | 8.56 (1.76)d | |
| Negative scale | 11.53 (3.72) | 9.13 (1.89) | 9.94 (3.46) | 12.28 (4.85) | |
| General psychopathology | 31.53 (6.47) | 31.60 (4.98) | 31.53 (7.05) | 31.67 (4.51) | |
Note: SD in parentheses.
*Bonferroni-corrected t tests revealed a significant group difference at p < 0.05.
aDue to dyslexia, illiteracy, or poor English proficiency, IQ estimates were not available for four patients in the schizophrenia spectrum group, two in the other group, and two in the non-psychosis group.
bChlorpromazine equivalent dose.
cDiazepam equivalent dose.
dPositive symptom scores for the non-psychosis group were significantly lower than all other groups (ps = 0.002 to <0.001).