. 2020 Dec 21;99(1):skaa403. doi: 10.1093/jas/skaa403

Table 4.

Profiles of selected fatty acids, lipids, and phospholipid in muscle (fillet) and liver tissues of juvenile rainbow trout fed FM-based diets containing microalgae to replace fish oil and synthetic astaxanthin

	Diets¹							P-value
Fish oil replacement²	0%		50%		100%
Astaxanthin source	SA	AA	SA	AA	SA	AA	RMSE	Fish oil level	ASTA source	Interaction
	Muscle
Fatty acid (mg/g tissue)
18:3n-3 (ALA)	0.07^c	0.11^b	0.13^b	0.12^b	0.17^a	0.15^a	0.01	<0.001	0.98	0.16
20:5n-3 (EPA)	0.19^c	0.25^c	0.12^b	0.10^b	0.00^a	0.01^a	0.04	<0.001	0.16	0.06
22:6n-3 (DHA)	0.45^ab	0.54^a	0.47^ab	0.42^ab	0.31^b	0.38^b	0.03	0.002	0.26	0.77
n-3	0.71^ab	0.90^a	0.72^ab	0.64^ab	0.48^b	0.54^b	0.06	<0.001	0.25	0.25
n-6	0.64^c	0.85^c	1.06^b	0.95^b	1.43^a	1.30^a	0.12	<0.001	0.89	0.08
n-3/n-6	1.10^c	1.06^c	0.69^b	0.68^b	0.34^a	0.42^a	0.13	<0.001	0.88	0.22
SFA	1.30	1.64	1.46	1.37	1.54	1.40	0.05	0.99	0.68	0.06
MUFA	1.34	1.84	1.47	1.34	1.53	1.27	0.08	0.22	0.78	0.03
PUFA	1.35^b	1.76^ab	1.79^ab	1.60^ab	1.97^a	1.90^a	0.09	0.01	0.65	0.09
TG (mg/g protein)	77.0^ab	76.9^ab	151^a	49.7^b	62.0	51.4^b	15.4	0.41	0.08	0.83
TC (mg/g protein)	7.03^ab	8.28^ab	9.15^a	4.90^b	11.0^a	7.16^ab	0.84	0.18	0.01	0.02
NEFA (mg/g protein)	176^a	143^a	344^b	128^a	146^a	132^a	33.9	0.67	0.04	0.84
Phospholipid (mg/mg tissue)	0.019^a	0.015^ab	0.016^ab	0.012^b	0.015^ab	0.019^a	0.001	0.89	0.36	0.04
	Liver
Fatty acid (mg/g tissue)
18:3n-3 (ALA)	0.00	0.00	0.37	0.01	0.13	0.11	0.06	0.36	0.25	0.93
20:5n-3 (EPA)	0.30^a	0.47^a	0.28^a	0.13^b	0.00^b	0.05^b	0.07	<0.001	0.61	0.31
22:6n-3 (DHA)	2.14^b	3.30^a	3.32^a	2.64^ab	2.08^b	2.08^b	0.23	0.07	0.48	0.06
n-3	2.44^b	3.77^a	3.97^a	2.78^ab	2.21^b	2.24^b	0.32	0.07	0.88	0.17
n-6	0.78^b	1.05^b	1.82^a	1.49^ab	1.90^a	2.31^a	0.23	<0.001	0.53	0.75
n-3/n-6	3.13^a	3.58^a	2.24^ab	1.87^ab	1.20^b	1.02^b	0.42	<0.001	0.84	0.09
SFA	2.20	3.26	2.91	3.35	3.11	3.28	0.19	0.27	0.15	0.51
MUFA	2.17	3.12	3.41	3.03	2.54	2.32	0.20	0.60	0.70	0.16
PUFA	3.50	4.94	6.32	4.51	4.29	4.53	0.38	0.64	0.93	0.50
TG (mg/g protein)	26.7^a	16.2^b	23.6^a	17.8^b	23.0^a	24.0^a	1.64	0.12	<0.001	<0.001
TC (mg/g protein)	25.8^a	26.6^a	25.9^a	22.8^b	21.1^b	22.4^b	0.93	0.001	0.72	0.8
NEFA (mg/g protein)	743^a	543^b	632^ab	572^b	681^ab	719^a	32.7	0.14	0.03	0.01
Phospholipid (mg/mg tissue)	0.015^ab	0.022^a	0.015^ab	0.016^ab	0.013^b	0.017^ab	0.001	0.02	0.08	0.87

¹SA, synthetic astaxanthin; AA, microalgal astaxanthin; ASTA, astaxanthin.

²Percent of fish oil replaced by microalgae on a crude lipid basis of DHA.

^a,b,cMeans in the same row without a common letter differ (P < 0.05). Direct comparisons of means across the 2 treatments should be made conditionally if there was an interaction.