TABLE 4.
Overview over all three conducted models (Basic Model, Harmful and Healthy Behavior, COVID-19 Impact) for both samples for SPQ scores.
| April – May sample |
September – October sample |
||||||||||||
| Basic | Harmful and | COVID-19 | Basic | Harmful and | COVID-19 | ||||||||
| Model |
Healthy Behavior |
Impact |
Model |
Healthy Behavior |
Impact |
||||||||
| BIC | 7056.5 |
6908.2 |
6833.2 |
5268.1 |
4949.3 |
4495.3 |
|||||||
| B | z | B | Z | B | z | B | z | B | z | B | z | ||
| Intercept | 2.97 | 40.5** | 2.92 | 33.9** | 2.81 | 43.0** | 3.78 | 42.9** | 3.48 | 32.3** | 3.45 | 32.6** | |
| Age | −0.01 | −9.2** | −0.01 | −6.6** | −0.01 | −9.0** | −0.01 | −7.7** | −0,01 | −5.9** | −0.01 | −6.7** | |
| Gender | Male | ||||||||||||
| Female | −0.04 | −1.7 | −0.06 | −2.3 ∼ | −0.04 | −1.7 | −0.17 | −6.1** | −0.16 | −5.4** | −0.15 | −5.2** | |
| Highest Education | −0.05 | −5.2** | −0.04 | −4.1** | −0.07 | −4.0** | −0.12 | −12.4** | −0.07 | −6.3** | −0.09 | −8.3** | |
| Country | United Kingdom | Reference | |||||||||||
| GER | 0.01 | 0.4 | 0.02 | 0.6 | 0.03 | 1.2 | −0.15 | −5.2** | −0.06 | −2.1 ∼ | −0.12 | −3.2* | |
| Pre-existing physical health problems | 0.22 | 8.2** | 0.17 | 6.3** | 0.23 | 8.2** | 0.20 | 6.0** | 0.19 | 5.5** | 0.24 | 6.8** | |
| Pre-existing mental health problems | 0.44 | 17.0** | 0.37 | 13.6** | 0.43 | 16.2** | 0.56 | 19.1** | 0.43 | 13.5** | 0.42 | 12.9** | |
| Children at home | No | Reference | |||||||||||
| Yes | −0.08 | −3.4* | −0.06 | −2.3 ∼ | −0.09 | −3.7** | 0.02 | 0.6 | 0.02 | 0.72 | −0.13 | −4.1** | |
| Living area | City | Reference | |||||||||||
| Suburb | 0.07 | 2.1 ∼ | 0.10 | 2.9 * | 0.10 | 2.3* | 0.07 | 1.8 | 0.04 | 0.89 | −0.07 | −1.6 | |
| Town | 0.00 | 0.3 | 0.02 | 0.6 | −0.02 | −0.5 | −0.13 | −3.4** | −0.09 | −2.3 ∼ | −0.11 | −2.9* | |
| Rural Area | 0.07 | 2.2 ∼ | 0.08 | 2.6 ∼ | 0.08 | 2.6 ∼ | −0.13 | −3.9** | −0.11 | −3.5** | −0.09 | −2.6 ∼ | |
| Alcohol | −0.01 | −2.8* | 0.00 | −0.3 | |||||||||
| Drug consumption | No | Reference | |||||||||||
| Yes | 0.08 | 2.5* | 0.16 | 4.5** | |||||||||
| Excessive Media consumption | No | Reference | |||||||||||
| Yes | 0.22 | 9.0** | 0.21 | 6.4** | |||||||||
| Exercise | No | Reference | |||||||||||
| 1–4 days | −0.06 | −2.1 ∼ | −0.05 | −1.7 | |||||||||
| Min. 5 days | −0.09 | −2.8* | −0.21 | −4.1** | |||||||||
| Sleep | <6 h | Reference | |||||||||||
| 6–8 h | −0.06 | −2.0 ∼ | −0.27 | −7.6** | |||||||||
| >8 h | −0.01 | −3.5** | −0.29 | −6.2** | |||||||||
| Loneliness | Not at all | Reference | |||||||||||
| Medium | 0.02 | 0.7 | 0.07 | 1.8 | |||||||||
| Yery | 0.14 | 4.8** | 0.26 | 7.6** | |||||||||
| Trust in Government | Yes | Reference | |||||||||||
| Not at all | −0.15 | −4.4** | |||||||||||
| Restrictions perceived as stressful | No | Reference | |||||||||||
| Yes | −0.03 | −1.3 | 0.03 | 2.1 ∼ | |||||||||
| Financial impact | No | Reference | |||||||||||
| Medium | −0.04 | −0.3 | 0.31 | 7.9** | |||||||||
| Major | 0.15 | 5.3** | 0.45 | 9.2** | |||||||||
| End hopeful | No | Reference | |||||||||||
| Yes | −0.04 | −1.4 | −0.13 | −2.5 ∼ | |||||||||
| Stressful relationship chanes | No | Reference | |||||||||||
| Few | 0.03 | 1.1 | 0.06 | 1.9 | |||||||||
| Many | 0.02 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 8.3** | |||||||||
| Suspected of COVID 19 | No | Reference | |||||||||||
| Yes | 0.1 | 3.5** | 0.16 | 4.9** | |||||||||
B = estimate, *<0.008, **<0.001, ∼ = only significant when uncorrected.