Table 3.

Ethogram used for posture observations (Robbins et al., 2020)

Posture	Description
Upright	Sow’s body is erect and the top line (back) is to the camera. This includes sow standing on all four hoofs on the ground and dog-sitting where sow has rump on floor.
Sternal Laying	Sow lies upright with stomach and chest touching the ground, and the top line is facing the camera. This includes when a sow is sternal on her anterior body and lateral on her posterior body. Sternal includes the medial plane of the head and body being perpendicular to a 45-degree angle to the ceiling.
Lateral Laying	Sow lies on the side with shoulder and rump touching the ground, and the top line is facing a wall. The medial plane of the head and body is greater than 45 degrees and approximately 90 degrees to the ceiling.
Other	Any posture that could not be determined due to viewing angle (e.g., interference with camera data, glare or sow was hidden behind a waterer). When sow was in a transition posture (e.g., she was moving from standing to laying or sitting to upright) or in a half stance where either her hind or front legs were down with the opposite end of her body in an upright posture.