Table 2.
Intervention characteristics and outcome measures.
| References | Intervention length, frequency, and duration | Main outcomes and results | Adverse event | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MG | CG | |||
| Ajimsha et al. (22) | Myofascial release (40 min each; Once every 3 weeks; 8 weeks) | Sham myofascial release | 1. Pain (MPQ)*; 2. Physical Function (QBPDS)*; | 10 patients from the MFR group and 1 from control group reported an increase of pain in the first week after initiation of treatment,and this was reported to have subsided within a week without any medications. |
| Arguisuelas et al. (28) | Myofascial Release (40 min each; Once every 2 weeks; 2 weeks) | Sham myofascial release | 1. Pain (MPQ); 2. Physical Function (RMQ)*; 3. Mental health (FABQ)*; | None |
| Arguisuelas et al. (18) | Myofascial Release (40 min each; Once every 2 weeks; 2 weeks) | Sham myofascial release | 1. Pain (MPQ)*; 2. Physical Function (RMQ)*; | Not reported |
| Boff et al. (13) | Myofascial release (6 times in total) + spinal manipulation | Spinal manipulation | 1. Pain (VAS); 2. Physical Function (QBPDS); 3. Quality of life (EQ-5-D-3-L); 4. Balance Function (YBT); 5. Pain pressure-thresholds (PPTs); | None |
| Lee et al. (16) | Dynamic Myofascial Release (15 min each; Once every 2 weeks; 4 weeks) + exercise therapy | Exercise therapy | 1. Balance Function (FRT)*; 2. Trunk mobility (sagittal plane)*; 3. Trunk mobility (coronal plane)*; | Not reported |
| Ozsoy et al. (24) | Myofascial release technique (Once every 3 weeks; 6 weeks) + exercise therapy | Exercise therapy | 1. Pain (VAS); 2. Physical Function (ODI); 3. Pain pressure-thresholds (PPTs); 4. Quality of life (WHOQOL-OLD); 5. Trunk mobility (sagittal plane)*; 6. Trunk mobility (coronal plane); 7. Mental health (TSK); | Not reported |
| Yu et al. (23) | Myofascial release (40 min each; Once every 3 weeks; 8 weeks) | Exercise therapy | 1. Pain (VAS); 2. Trunk mobility (sagittal plane); | Not reported |
| Branchini (29) | Myofascial release (45 min each; Twice a week; 4 weeks) + physiotherapy program | Physiotherapy program | Pain (VAS) *; 2. Physical Function (RMQ) *; 3. Quality of life (SF-36) *; | Not reported |
MG, Myofascial release group; CG, Control group; VAS, visual analog scale; MPQ, McGill Pain Questionnaire; QBPDS, Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale; RMQ, Roland Morris Questionnaire; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; EQ5D3L, EuroQol-5-Dimensions-3-levels; WHOQOL-OLD, World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument-Older Adults Module; YBT, Y-Balance Test; FRT, Functional Reach Test; FABQ, Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire; TSK, Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia; PPTs, Pain pressure-thresholds; SF-36, The MOS 36-item Short-Form Health Survey.
*
Denotes sign. post-interventional group differences in favor of myofascial release group.