Table 3.

Evidence quality rated using the GRADE approach.

Outcomes	No. of studies	Limitations	Inconsistency	Indirectness	Imprecision	Publication bias	Evidence quality
Pain	7	Serious	Not serious	Not serious	Not serious	Undetected	⊕⊕⊕⊖	Moderate
Physical function	6	Serious	Not serious	Not serious	Not serious	Undetected	⊕⊕⊕⊖	Moderate
Quality of life	3	Serious	Serious	Not serious	Serious	Undetected	⊕⊖⊖⊖	Very low
Balance function	2	Serious	Not serious	Not serious	Serious	Undetected	⊕⊕⊖⊖	Low
Pain pressure-threshold	2	Serious	Serious	Not serious	Serious	Undetected	⊕⊖⊖⊖	Very low
Trunk mobility	5	Serious	Not serious	Not serious	Serious	Undetected	⊕⊕⊖⊖	Low
Mental health	2	Serious	Serious	Not serious	Very serious	Undetected	⊕⊖⊖⊖	Very low