Table 2.
Drug Therapy for COVID-19.
| Developmental status | Drug name | Target patients | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Interferon antiviral drug | Special approval | Remdesivir (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor) | Moderate to severe cases requiring oxygen administration (less effective in severe cases) |
| Off-label use (compassionate use within the framework of observational studies) | Favipiravir (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor) | Mild (although efficacy is uncertain) | |
| Clinical trials | Lopinavir/ritonavir, nelfinavir (HIV protease inhibitor) | No efficacy in critically ill patients | |
| Hydroxychloroquine (antimalarial drug) | No efficacy | ||
| Interferon | No efficacy | ||
| Ivermectin (antihelminthic drug) | Unclear efficacy | ||
| Ciclesonide (inhaled corticosteroid) | No efficacy | ||
| Immune modulator drugs | Approved | Dexamethasone (steroid) | Moderate to severe cases requiring oxygen administration |
| Clinical trials | Tocilizumab, sarilumab (genetically modified anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibody) | Unclear efficacy | |
| Immunoglobulin | Clinical trials | Recoveree’s plasma | Unclear efficacy |
| Antithrombotic drugs | Approved | Heparin | Moderate to severe cases requiring oxygen administration |
COVID-19, coronavirus disease; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus