TABLE 2.

The inhibition zones (mm) of Zinc acetate (control) and HAMP-ZnO NPs against pathogenic bacteria are detailed.

S. No	Bacteria strains and accession numbers	Zinc acetate (75 μg mL–1)	Concentrations of HAMP-ZnO NPs 75 μg/mL
		Zone of inhibition (mm)
1	Streptococcus mutans K7769531	2.8 ± 0.1	7.0 ± 1.1
2	Enterococcus faecalis (MTCC-9542)	3.1 ± 0.1	6.0 ± 0.4
3	Staphylococcus aureus (HQ693279.1)	3.0 ± 0.4	5.1 ± 0.4
4	Pseudomonas aeruginosa (HQ 4006631)	2.3 ± 0.1	4.0 ± 1.2
5	Proteus vulgaris (HQ116441)	3.3 ± 0.2	4.0 ± 1.1
6	Shigella sonnei (ATCC-25175)	2.0 ± 0.2	4.3 ± 1.1
7	Citrobacter freundii (KC465905)	2.6 ± 0.1	5.0 ± 1.1

Both Zinc acetate and HAMP-ZnO NPs showed antimicrobial efficacy against pathogenic bacteria such as E. faecalis, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, P. vulgaris, S. mutans, S. sonnei, and C. freundii. The zone of inhibition was greater in HAMP-ZnO NPs than in Zinc acetate in all bacterial species investigated, though it varies per bacterial pathogen.