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. 2021 Jun 2;72(16):5893–5904. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erab239

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© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 4. — Graphical model of interconnections between H₂S and ABA signaling networks in guard cells through the persulfidation of specific proteins. Under various environmental stress conditions, in guard cells, ABA concentrations increase and trigger the DES1 activity to induce the production of H₂S to persulfidate specific protein targets. DES1 itself is persulfidated at Cys44 and Cys205, and causes the persulfidation of open stomata 1 (OST1) at Cys131 and Cys137, the NADPH oxidase RBOHD at Cys825 and Cys890, and ABI4 at Cys250. Persulfidated RBOHD produces a ROS burst that results in stomatal closure. Overaccumulation of ROS induces persulfide oxidation leading to ABA desensitivity. Persulfidated ABI4 promotes MAPKKK18 transactivation and MAPK signaling.