Table 3.

Effective treatment of PBM: in vitro studies in cells with higher number of mitochondria.

Authors	Wavelength (nm)	Fluence	Irradiance	Cell type
Fernandes et al.46	780	$2.6{\mathrm{J}/\mathrm{cm}}^2$	$1.75{\mathrm{W}/\mathrm{cm}}^2$; 70 mW, $0.04{\mathrm{cm}}^2$, 1.5 s	Macrophage
Huang et al.47	810	$3{\mathrm{J}/\mathrm{cm}}^2$	$20{\mathrm{mW}/\mathrm{cm}}^2$; 150 s, spot size 5 cm	Neural cells
Huang et al.48	810	$3{\mathrm{J}/\mathrm{cm}}^2$	$25{\mathrm{mW}/\mathrm{cm}}^2$, 2 min, spot size 5 cm	Neural cells
Sharma et al.49	810	0.03, 0.3, 3, 10, peak at $3{\mathrm{J}/\mathrm{cm}}^2$	$25{\mathrm{mW}/\mathrm{cm}}^2$	Mouse cortical neuron
Oron et al.50	808	$0.05{\mathrm{J}/\mathrm{cm}}^2$	$50{\mathrm{mW}/\mathrm{cm}}^2$	Human neural cells
Chen et al.26	808	$1{\mathrm{J}/\mathrm{cm}}^2$	$44.7{\mathrm{mW}/\mathrm{cm}}^2$ 170 mW, $3.8{\mathrm{cm}}^2$, 22.4 s	Monocyte
Souza et al.51	780	$3{\mathrm{J}/\mathrm{cm}}^2$	$275{\mathrm{mW}/\mathrm{cm}}^2$ [$\text{Power}=70\mathrm{mW}$, 1.5 s ($2\times$) effective power 53.9 mW] $\text{Area}=0.196{\mathrm{cm}}^2$ $\text{Beam spot area}=0.04{\mathrm{cm}}^2$	Macrophage
Ferraresi et al.52	Cluster 40 LEDs (20 infrared 850 nm and 20 red 630 nm)	$2.5{\mathrm{J}/\mathrm{cm}}^2$	$28{\mathrm{mW}/\mathrm{cm}}^2$ 50 mW (IR) and 25 mW (red) Cluster: 1000 mW (IR) and 500 mW (red) $45{\mathrm{cm}}^2$, 90 s, distance: 156 mm	Myotube C2C12
Amaroli et al.19	808	$3.0{\mathrm{J}/\mathrm{cm}}^2$	$100{\mathrm{mW}/\mathrm{cm}}^2$ 100 mW $\text{spot area}:1{\mathrm{cm}}^2$	Paramecium
Amaroli19	808	$64{\mathrm{J}/\mathrm{cm}}^2$	$1000{\mathrm{mW}/\mathrm{cm}}^2$ 100 mW, $\text{spot area}=1{\mathrm{cm}}^2$	Paramecium
Chen et al.26	660	$1{\mathrm{J}/\mathrm{cm}}^2$	$0.8{\mathrm{mW}/\mathrm{cm}}^2$ 6 mW, $7.5{\mathrm{cm}}^2$ 1250 s	Monocyte
Chen et al.26	660	$2{\mathrm{J}/\mathrm{cm}}^2$	$0.8{\mathrm{mW}/\mathrm{cm}}^2$ 6 mW, $7.5{\mathrm{cm}}^2$ 2500 s	Monocyte
Souza et al.51	660	$7.5{\mathrm{J}/\mathrm{cm}}^2$ effective fluence $1.15{\mathrm{J}/\mathrm{cm}}^2$	$57.4{\mathrm{mW}/\mathrm{cm}}^2$ $\text{Power}=15\mathrm{mW}$, 20 s $\text{Effective power\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}}11.25\mathrm{mW}$ $\text{Irradiated area}=0.196{\mathrm{cm}}^2$ $\text{Beam spot area}=0.04{\mathrm{cm}}^2$	Macrophage
Fernandez et al.46	660	$7.5\mathrm{J}/{\mathrm{cm}}^2$	$0.375{\mathrm{W}/\mathrm{cm}}^2$ 15 mW, $0.04{\mathrm{cm}}^2$, 20 s	Macrophage