Table 3.
Factors associated with depression among healthcare workers, NorthWest Armed forces hospital, Tabuk.
| Depression according to PHQ-9 |
p-valuea | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| None N = 143 |
Mild N = 82 |
Moderate N = 25 |
Moderately severe/severe N = 5 |
||
| Gender | |||||
| Male (n = 105) | 60 (57.1) | 35 (33.3) | 10 (9.5) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Female (150) | 83 (55.3) | 47 (31.3) | 15 (10.0) | 5 (3.3) | 0.305a |
| Age (years) | |||||
| Mean ± SD | 30.5 ± 5.3 | 31.5 ± 5.7 | 28.8 ± 4.0 | 26.6 ± 2.1 | 0.048b |
| Nationality | |||||
| Saudi (n = 177) | 106 (59.9) | 47 (26.6) | 20 (11.3) | 4 (2.3) | |
| Non-Saudi (n = 78) | 37 (47.4) | 35 (44.9) | 5 (6.4) | 1 (1.3) | 0.033a |
| Marital status | |||||
| Single (n = 86) | 50 (58.1) | 26 (30.2) | 9 (10.5) | 1 (1.2) | |
| Married (n = 158) | 87 (55.1) | 51 (32.3) | 16 (10.1) | 4 (2.5) | |
| Divorced (n = 11) | 6 (54.5) | 5 (45.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.846a |
| Job title | |||||
| Nurse (n = 164) | 97 (59.1) | 50 (30.5) | 15 (9.1) | 2 (1.2) | |
| Physicians (n = 91) | 46 (50.0) | 32 (35.2) | 10 (11.0) | 3 (3.3) | 0.447a |
| Job title (physicians) | |||||
| Intern (n = 11) | 8 (72.7) | 2 (18.2) | 1 (9.1) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Registrar (n = 58) | 27 (46.6) | 21 (36.2) | 8 (13.8) | 2 (3.4) | |
| Specialist/senior specialist (n = 8) | 5 (62.5) | 1 (12.5) | 1 (12.5) | 1 (12.5) | |
| Consultant (n = 12) | 6 (50.0) | 6 (50.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Quality officer (n = 2) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (100) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.398a |
| BMI | |||||
| Underweight (n = 11) | 8 (72.7) | 2 (18.2) | 1 (9.1) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Normal (165) | 93 (56.4) | 54 (32.7) | 15 (9.1) | 3 (1.8) | |
| Overweight (n = 61) | 33 (54.1) | 22 (36.1) | 4 (6.6) | 2 (3.3) | |
| Obesity (n = 18) | 9 (50.0) | 4 (22.2) | 5 (27.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0.347a |
| Smoking status | |||||
| None (n = 180) | 99 (55.0) | 56 (31.1) | 20 (11.1) | 5 (2.8) | |
| Current smoker 49) | 24 (49.0) | 20 (40.8) | 5 (10.2) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Ex-smoker (n = 26) | 20 (76.9) | 6 (23.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.041a |
| Years of experience (n=253) | |||||
| <5 (n = 155) | 75 (48.4) | 53 (34.2) | 22 (14.2) | 5 (3.2) | |
| 5-10 (n = 84) | 57 (67.9) | 24 (28.6) | 3 (3.6) | 0 (0.0) | |
| >10 (n = 14) | 9 (64.3) | 5 (35.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.018a |
| Working in night shift | |||||
| No (n = 80) | 49 (61.3) | 21 (26.3) | 9 (11.3) | 1 (1.3) | |
| Yes (n = 175) | 94 (53.7) | 61 (34.9) | 16 (9.1) | 4 (2.3) | 0.499a |
| Specialty | |||||
| Family Medicine (n = 46) | 23 (50.0) | 12 (26.1) | 8 (17.4) | 3 (6.5) | |
| Pediatrics (n = 31) | 20 (64.5) | 9 (29.0) | 2(6.5) | 0 (0.0) | |
| General surgery (n = 22 | 11 (50.0) | 9 (40.9) | 2 (9.1) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Specialized surgery (n = 12) | 7 (58.3) | 5 (41.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Emergency Medicine (n = 36) | 18 (50.0) | 10 (27.8) | 7 (19.4) | 1 (2.8) | |
| Outpatient (n = 16) | 11 (68.8) | 4 (25.0) | 1 (6.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Internal Medicine (n = 22) | 13 (59.1) | 7 (31.8) | 2 (9.1) | 1 (3.3) | |
| Obstetrics and Gynecology (n = 30) | 14 (46.7) | 14 (46.7) | 1 (3.3) | ||
| Psychiatry (n = 13) | 10 (76.9) | 2 (15.4) | 1 (7.7) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Orthopedics (n = 11) | 9 (81.8) | 2 (18.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Others (n = 16) | 7 (43.8) | 8 (50.0) | 1 (6.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.430a |
| History of chronic diseases | |||||
| No (n = 219) | 129 (58.9) | 70 (32.0) | 15 (6.8) | 5 (2.3) | |
| Yes (n = 36) | 14 (38.9) | 12 (33.3) | 10 (27.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0.001a |
| Family history of depression | |||||
| No (n = 204) | 121 (59.3) | 58 (28.4) | 21 (10.3) | 4 (2.0) | |
| Yes (n = 51) | 22 (43.1) | 24 (47.1) | 4 (7.8) | 1 (2.0) | 0.087a |
| History of loosing beloved person in the last 6 months | |||||
| No (n = 203) | 126 (62.1) | 63 (31.0) | 11 (5.4) | 3 (1.5) | |
| Yes (n = 52) | 17 (32.7) | 19 (36.5) | 14 (26.9) | 2 (3.8) | <0.001a |
| Satisfaction with salary | |||||
| No (n = 116) | 72 (62.1) | 31 (26.7) | 10 (8.6) | 3 (2.6) | |
| Yes (n = 139) | 71 (51.1) | 51 (36.7) | 15 (10.8) | 2 (1.4) | 0.257a |
a
Chi-square test.
b
One-way analysis of variance test (ANOVA).