Table 3.
Presence with the newborn receiving special/intensive care in the total sample and in subgroups according to restrictive measures.
| COVID-19 related restrictions in country/region around the time of baby's birth |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Total Subgroup | No major concern | Precautions | Social distancing | Lockdown | Quarantine | p-value | |
| Do you know if the Coronavirus/COVID-19 situation affected the facility policy around your ability to be present with the baby receiving special/intensive care? | n = 1813 | n = 1792 | n = 77 | n = 203 | n = 500 | n = 794 | n = 218 | ·000** |
| There were no changes | 145 (8%) | 142 (8%) | 15 (19%) | 24 (12%) | 56 (11%) | 43 (5%) | 4 (2%) | |
| Restrictions were implemented | 1511 (83%) | 1494 (83%) | 53 (69%) | 153 (75%) | 387 (77%) | 698 (88%) | 203 (93%) | |
| I don't know if there were changes | 157 (9%) | 156 (9%) | 9 (12%) | 26 (13%) | 57 (11%) | 53 (7%) | 11 (5%) | |
| Who was allowed to be present with your baby receiving special/intensive care? (multiple answers possible) | n = 1814 | n = 1793 | n = 77 | n = 203 | n = 501 | n = 794 | n = 218 | |
| Sum of multiple answers | 2856 (157%) | 2827 (158%) | 138 (179%) | 324 (160%) | 851 (170%) | 1197 (151%) | 317 (145%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mother | 1343 (74%) | 1327 (74%) | 54 (70%) | 137 (68%) | 379 (76%) | 614 (77%) | 143 (66%) | ·006** |
| Father/partner | 1020 (56%) | 1011 (56%) | 52 (68%) | 113 (56%) | 330 (66%) | 405 (51%) | 111 (51%) | ·000** |
| Sibling/s | 52 (3%) | 52 (3%) | 3 (4%) | 8 (4%) | 27 (5%) | 12 (2%) | 2 (1%) | ·000** |
| Other family members | 42 (2%) | 41 (2%) | 7 (9%) | 8 (4%) | 15 /3%) | 11 (1%) | 0 (0%) | ·000** |
| Friends | 13 (1%) | 13 (1%) | 3 (4%) | 3 (2%) | 7 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ·000** |
| No one | 376 (21%) | 373 (21%) | 16 (21%) | 51 (25%) | 91 (18%) | 154 (19%) | 60 (28%) | ·023* |
| I don't know | 10 (1%) | 10 (1%) | 3 (4%) | 4 (2%) | 1 (0%) | 1 (0%) | 1 (1%) | ·000** |
| Could more than one person be present with the baby at the same time? | n = 1813 | n = 1792 | n = 77 | n = 203 | n = 501 | n = 794 | n = 217 | ·000** |
| Yes | 664 (32%) | 658 (37%) | 38 (49%) | 82 (40%) | 248 (50%) | 234 (29%) | 56 (26%) | |
| No | 1149 (63%) | 1134 (63%) | 39 (51%) | 121 (60%) | 253 (50%) | 560 (71%) | 161 (74%) | |
| How often were you allowed to see your baby receiving special/intensive care? | n = 1812 | n = 1792 | n = 76 | n = 203 | n = 502 | n = 793 | n = 218 | ·000** |
| All the time, (24/7) | 668 (37%) | 663 (37%) | 30 (39%) | 64 (32%) | 236 (47%) | 270 (34%) | 63 (29%) | |
| Multiple times per day | 326 (18%) | 320 (18%) | 6 (8%) | 29 (14%) | 72 (14%) | 175 (22%) | 38 (17%) | |
| Once per day | 351 (19%) | 346 (19%) | 16 (21%) | 40 (20%) | 82 (16%) | 154 (19%) | 54 (25%) | |
| Multiple times per week | 76 (4%) | 75 (4%) | 0 (0%) | 11 (5%) | 23 (5%) | 32 (4%) | 9 (4%) | |
| Once per week | 66 (4%) | 66 (4%) | 2 (3%) | 8 (4%) | 17 (3%) | 26 (3%) | 13 (6%) | |
| Less than once per week | 57 (3%) | 57 (3%) | 4 (5%) | 7 (3%) | 12 (2%) | 28 (4%) | 6 (3%) | |
| Never | 268 (15%) | 265 (15%) | 18 (24%) | 44 (22%) | 60 (12%) | 108 (14%) | 35 (16%) | |
| How long were you allowed to see your baby per visit? | n = 1810 | n = 1789 | n = 77 | n = 203 | n = 500 | n = 791 | n = 218 | ·001** |
| Up to an hour | 551 (30%) | 541 (30%) | 21 (27%) | 68 (33%) | 136 (27%) | 243 (31%) | 73 (33%) | |
| More than one hour, up to three hours | 133 (7%) | 130 (7%) | 5 (6%) | 11 (5%) | 29 (6%) | 68 (9%) | 17 (8%) | |
| More than three hours, but not unlimited | 122 (7%) | 122 (7%) | 2 (3%) | 11 (5%) | 25 (5%) | 67 (8%) | 17 (8%) | |
| Unlimited | 746 (41%) | 741 (41%) | 32 (42%) | 68 (33%) | 249 (50%) | 317 (40%) | 75 (34%) | |
| Not at all | 258 (14%) | 255 (14%) | 17 (22%) | 45 (22%) | 61 (12%) | 96 (12%) | 36 (17%) | |
| Were sleeping facilities provided so you could stay with the baby (24/7)? | n = 1807 | n = 1786 | n = 75 | n = 200 | n = 500 | n = 793 | n = 218 | ·003** |
| Yes, sleeping facilities were provided next to my baby in the unit | 363 (20%) | 359 (20%) | 16 (21%) | 38 (19%) | 126 (25%) | 140 (18%) | 39 (18%) | |
| Yes, sleeping facilities were provided outside the unit (e.g. in an apartment house nearby, in another unit) | 269 (15%) | 269 (15%) | 7 (9%) | 26 (13%) | 93 (19%) | 116 (15%) | 27 (12%) | |
| No, sleeping facilities were not provided | 1175 (65%) | 1158 (65%) | 52 (69%) | 136 (68%) | 281 (56%) | 537 (68%) | 152 (70%) | |
| Which alternatives to being present were provided with your baby receiving special/intensive care? (multiple answers possible) | n = 1796 | n = 1775 | n = 74 | n = 201 | n = 496 | n = 786 | n = 218 |
| Sum of multiple answers | 2136 (119%) | 2114 (119%) | 86 (116%) | 232 (115%) | 591 (119%) | 939 (120%) | 266 (122%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Photos | 598 (33%) | 592 (33%) | 22 (30%) | 59 (29%) | 167 (34%) | 274 (35%) | 70 (32%) | ·488 |
| Livestream | 139 (8%) | 137 (8%) | 5 (7%) | 14 (7%) | 45 (9%) | 64 (8%) | 9 (4%) | ·255 |
| Recorded video | 169 (9%) | 167 (9%) | 4 (5%) | 13 (7%) | 44 (9%) | 83 (11%) | 23 (11%) | ·216 |
| Video calls | 125 (7%) | 125 (7%) | 4 (5%) | 13 (7%) | 42 (9%) | 51 (7%) | 15 (7%) | ·661 |
| None | 932 (52%) | 923 (52%) | 42 (57%) | 113 (56%) | 244 (49%) | 396 (50%) | 128 (59%) | ·066 |
| Other | 173 (10%) | 170 (10%) | 9 (12%) | 20 (10%) | 49 (10%) | 71 (9%) | 21 (10%) | ·944 |
| Do you feel that the measures that were implemented due to Coronavirus/COVID-19 (e.g. restrictions by hospital management) made it more difficult for you to be present with your baby? | n = 1812 | n = 1791 | n = 76 | n = 202 | n = 501 | n = 794 | n = 218 | ·000** |
| Yes | 1294 (71%) | 1278 (71%) | 42 (55%) | 144 (71%) | 309 (62%) | 599 (75%) | 184 (84%) | |
| No, not more difficult | 372 (21%) | 369 (21%) | 16 (21%) | 38 (19%) | 143 (29%) | 145 (18%) | 27 (12%) | |
| No, there were no restrictive measures in place | 100 (6%) | 99 (6%) | 10 (13%) | 13 (6%) | 39 (8%) | 34 (4%) | 3 (1%) | |
| Don't know | 46 (3%) | 45 (3%) | 8 (11%) | 7 (3%) | 10 (2%) | 16 (2%) | 4 (2%) | |
| Do you feel that the measures that were implemented due to Coronavirus/COVID-19 (e.g. restrictions by hospital management) made it more difficult for you to be interactive with your baby (e.g. skin-to-skin contact or being involved in the care of your baby)? | n = 1810 | n = 1789 | n = 77 | n = 201 | n = 499 | n = 794 | n = 218 | ·000** |
| Yes | 1114 (62%) | 1099 (61%) | 43 (56%) | 125 (62%) | 256 (51%) | 520 (65%) | 155 (71%) | |
| No, not more difficult | 499 (28%) | 497 (28%) | 19 (25%) | 48 (24%) | 175 (35%) | 203 (26%) | 52 (24%) | |
| No, there were no restrictive measures in place | 155 (9%) | 152 (8%) | 9 (12%) | 21 (10%) | 56 (11%) | 58 (7%) | 8 (4%) | |
| Don't know | 42 (2%) | 41 (2%) | 6 (8%) | 7 (3%) | 12 (2%) | 13 (2%) | 3 (1%) | |
| Did medical/nursing staff involve you in the care of your baby (e.g. nappy changing, feeding, temperature taking)? | n = 1810 | n = 1789 | n = 77 | n = 202 | n = 501 | n = 792 | n = 217 | ·455 |
| Yes, to a high degree | 912 (50%) | 901 (50%) | 35 (45%) | 83 (41%) | 281 (56%) | 395 (50%) | 107 (49%) | |
| Yes, to some degree | 391 (22%) | 387 (22%) | 13 (17%) | 37 (18%) | 112 (22%) | 178 (22%) | 47 (22%) | |
| No, not at all | 497 (28%) | 492 (28%) | 29 (38%) | 79 (39%) | 105 (21%) | 216 (27%) | 63 (29%) | |
| Don't know | 10 (1%) | 9 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (1%) | 3 (1%) | 3 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Did medical/nursing staff involve your partner in the care of your baby? | n = 1812 | n = 1790 | n = 77 | n = 202 | n = 500 | n = 793 | n = 218 | ·000** |
| Yes, to a high degree | 573 (32%) | 568 (32%) | 29 (38%) | 57 (28%) | 212 (42%) | 209 (26%) | 61 (28%) | |
| Yes, to some degree | 311 (17%) | 309 (17%) | 11 (14%) | 35 (17%) | 83 (17%) | 144 (18%) | 36 (17%) | |
| No, not at all | 886 (49%) | 871 (49%) | 35 (45%) | 106 (52%) | 192 (38%) | 422 (53%) | 116 (53%) | |
| Don't know | 24 (1%) | 24 (1%) | 2 (3%) | 3 (1%) | 8 (2%) | 6 (1%) | 5 (2%) | |
| I don't have a partner | 18 (1%) | 18 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0%) | 5 (1%) | 12 (2%) | 0 (0%) |
*p<0.05; **p<0.01.
Note: percentages may not total 100% due to rounding.