Table 2.
BC, BX, BT, TP, AA, L*, a*, b*, KLa, A, and IA from A. hypochondriacus var. Nutrisol at different temperatures and UPD.
| Treatment | T (°C) | UPD (mW/mL) | BC (mg/100 g d.m) | BX (mg/100 g d.m) | BT (mg/100 g d.m) | TP (mg GAE/100 g d.m) | AA (mg/100 gTE/100 g d.m) | L* | a* | b* | Aa (mg/100 g d.m) | IAa (mg/100 g d.m) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 25.86 | 175 | 53.260 ± 0.607 | 25.482 ± 0.358 | 78.742 ± 0.621 | 840.305 ± 2.117 | 2.42 ± 0.116 | 26.021 ± 0.059 | 8.093 ± 0.025 | 0.258 ± 0.023 | 3.365 ± 1.485*10-8 | 57.490 ± 1.269 | 3.177 ± 0.251 |
| 2 | 30 | 245 | 84.975 ± 0.696 | 27.453 ± 0.485 | 112.429 ± 1.181 | 1005.200 ± 1.904 | 2.66 ± 0.027 | 25.980 ± 0.067 | 8.186 ± 0.028 | 0.663 ± 0.021 | 3,370 ± 2.263*10-8 | 87.149 ± 3.283 | 4.593 ± 0.040 |
| 3 | 40 | 175 | 102.261 ± 0.649 | 42.052 ± 0.399 | 144.313 ± 1.046 | 1226.860 ± 3.703 | 3.35 ± 0.019 | 25.328 ± 0.067 | 9.617 ± 0.023 | 0.906 ± 0.026 | 4,205 ± 1.485*10-8 | 101.856 ± 8.674 | 11.357 ± 0.469 |
| 4 | 40 | 76.01 | 65.857 ± 0.804 | 15.739 ± 0.440 | 81.596 ± 1.237 | 944.400 ± 3.711 | 2.59 ± 0.022 | 26.245 ± 0.008 | 7.710 ± 0.016 | 0.058 ± 0.008 | 3.370 ± 2.970*10-8 | 55.702 ± 2.002 | 6.609 ± 0.312 |
| 5 | 50 | 105 | 88.541 ± 1.015 | 27.411 ± 0.412 | 115.952 ± 1.415 | 995.318 ± 2.202 | 2.72 ± 0.023 | 27.046 ± 0.031 | 7.292 ± 0.021 | 0.713 ± 0.028 | 3,620 ± 2.687*10-8 | 85.051 ± 0.197 | 4.250 ± 0.500 |
| 6 | 30 | 105 | 47.764 ± 0.462 | 12.781 ± 0.381 | 60.545 ± 0.081 | 872.610 ± 0.917 | 2.47 ± 0.025 | 25.744 ± 0.026 | 8.227 ± 0.027 | −0.174 ± 0.024 | 3.040 ± 3.111*10-8 | 42.890 ± 3.913 | 2.352 ± 0.116 |
| 7 | 40 | 175 | 103.458 ± 0.529 | 39.820 ± 0.377 | 143.279 ± 0.905 | 1238.700 ± 3.175 | 3.38 ± 0.019 | 25.445 ± 0.027 | 9.426 ± 0.031 | 0.973 ± 0.023 | 4,020 ± 8.485*10-8 | 109.143 ± 2.583 | 11.562 ± 0.648 |
| 8 | 54.14 | 175 | 79.453 ± 1.242 | 34.565 ± 0.253 | 114.017 ± 1.495 | 1198.730 ± 5.753 | 3.33 ± 0.025 | 26.894 ± 0.037 | 7.430 ± 0.026 | 0.877 ± 0.026 | 3,910 ± 5.233*10-8 | 84.891 ± 0.169 | 9.110 ± 0.661 |
| 9 | 40 | 175 | 104.749 ± 0.720 | 40.484 ± 0.829 | 145.234 ± 1.525 | 1266.590 ± 5.571 | 3.48 ± 0.030 | 25.303 ± 0.029 | 9.574 ± 0.027 | 1.087 ± 0.017 | 4,285 ± 7.000*10-8 | 110.363 ± 3.019 | 11.655 ± 0.051 |
| 10 | 40 | 273.99 | 101.857 ± 1.267 | 26.789 ± 0.237 | 128.647 ± 1.377 | 1123.240 ± 2.417 | 2.92 ± 0.019 | 26.192 ± 0.010 | 7.755 ± 0.022 | 0.745 ± 0.020 | 3.900 ± 1.480*10-8 | 99.090 ± 0.810 | 3.892 ± 0.264 |
| 11 | 50 | 245 | 90.140 ± 0.835 | 32.888 ± 0.547 | 123.028 ± 1.312 | 1251.180 ± 1.853 | 3.43 ± 0.025 | 26.577 ± 0.028 | 7.546 ± 0.025 | 0.882 ± 0.032 | 4.085 ± 4.031*10-8 | 84.004 ± 3.288 | 6.890 ± 0.887 |
| 12 | 40 | 175 | 101.965 ± 0.621 | 41.797 ± 0.512 | 143.762 ± 1.118 | 1255.080 ± 6.765 | 3.35 ± 0.018 | 25.313 ± 0.030 | 9.587 ± 0.023 | 0.889 ± 0.018 | 3.760 ± 4.384*10-8 | 107.347 ± 1.464 | 11.616 ± 0.488 |
| 13 | 40 | 175 | 105.594 ± 0.378 | 43.446 ± 0.464 | 149.040 ± 0.842 | 1254.580 ± 1.615 | 3.34 ± 0.101 | 25.308 ± 0.028 | 9.574 ± 0.030 | 1.186 ± 0.054 | 4,040 ± 7.071*10-8 | 103.374 ± 0.316 | 11.580 ± 0.042 |
| Control | 40 | – | 79.280 ± 1.325 | 28.251 ± 0.784 | 107.532 ± 2.108 | 2533.192 ± 16.185 | 3.51 ± 0.365 | 26.128 ± 0.039 | 8.370 ± 0.030 | 2.900 ± 0.023 | 0.138 ± 0.495*10-9 | 66.207 ± 2.116 | 7.779 ± 0.312 |
*Values are the average of triplicate measurements ± standard deviation. aValues are the average of duplicate measurements ± standard deviation. T, extraction temperature; UPD, ultrasonic power density; BC, betacyanins; BX, betaxanthins; BT, total betalains; TP, total polyphenols; AA, antioxidant activity; L*, a*, b*, color parameters; KLa, mass transfer coefficient; A, amaranthine; IA, isoamaranthine.