Table 3.

Performances of the detection strategies for diagnosing congenital CMV infection in newborns

	cCMV-positive (n=49)	cCMV- negative (n=6185)	Total (n=6234)	Sensitivity (95% CI)-%	Specificity (95% CI)-%	Youden index	Positive predictive value* (95% CI)-%	Negative predictive value* (95% CI)-%	Positive likelihood ratio (95% CI)	Negative likelihood ratio (95% CI)
Saliva and urine screening with saliva and urine confirmation (Strategy 1, the reference)
Positive	49	0	49	100.0	100.0	1.00	100.0	100.0	-	-
Negative	0	6185	6185
Saliva only screening (Strategy 2)
Positive	42	102	144	85.7 (73.3, 92.8)	98.4 (98.0, 98.6)	0.84	29.2 (22.4, 37.1)	99.9 (99.8, 99.9)	52.0 (50.6, 53.4)	0.15 (0.11, 0.19)
Negative	7	6083	6090
Urine only screening (Strategy 3)
Positive	14	25	39	28.6 (17.9, 42.4)	99.6 (99.4, 99.7)	0.28	35.9 (22.7, 51.6)	99.4 (99.2, 99.6)	70.7 (46.1, 108.5)	0.72 (0.68, 0.76)
Negative	35	6160	6195
Saliva and urine screening (Strategy 4)
Positive	49	122	171	100.0 (92.7, 100)	98.0 (97.7, 98.4)	0.98	28.7 (22.4, 35.8)	100.0 (99.9, 100.0)	50.7 (49.9 – 51.5)	0.0 (0.0, -)
Negative	0	6063	6063
Saliva screening with saliva confirmation (Strategy 5)
Positive	39	0	39	79.6 (66.4, 88.5)	100.0 (99.9, 100.0)	0.80	100.0 (91.0, 100.0)	99.8 (99.7, 99.9)	-	0.20 (0.17, 0.25)
Negative	10	6185	6195
Saliva screening with urine confirmation (Strategy 6)
Positive	12	0	12	24.5 (14.6, 38.1)	100.0 (99.9, 100.0)	0.24	100.0 (75.7, 100.0)	99.4 (99.2, 99.6)	-	0.76 (0.72, 0.80)
Negative	37	6185	6222
Saliva screening with saliva and urine confirmation (Strategy 7)
Positive	42	0	42	85.7 (73.3, 92.9)	100.0 (99.9, 100.0)	0.86	100.0 (91.6, 100.0)	99.9 (99.8, 100.0)	-	0.14 (0.11, 0.19)
Negative	7	6185	6192
Urine screening with urine confirmation (Strategy 8)
Positive	12	0	12	24.5 (14.6, 38.1)	100.0 (99.9, 100.0)	0.24	100.0 (75.7, 100.0)	99.4 (99.2, 99.6)	-	0.76 (0.72, 0.80)
Negative	37	6185	6222
Urine screening with saliva confirmation (Strategy 9)
Positive	14	0	14	28.6 (17.9, 42.4)	100.0 (99.9, 100.0)	0.29	100.0 (78.5, 100.0)	99.4 (99.2, 99.6)	-	0.71 (0.68, 0.76)
Negative	35	6185	6220
Urine screening with saliva and urine confirmation (Strategy 10)
Positive	14	0	14	28.6 (17.9, 42.4)	100.0 (99.9, 100.0)	0.29	100.0 (78.5, 100.0)	99.4 (99.2, 99.6)	-	0.71 (0.68, 0.76)
Negative	35	6185	6220
Saliva and urine screening with saliva confirmation (Strategy 11)
Positive	46	0	46	93.9 (83.5, 97.9)	100.0 (99.9, 100.0)	0.94	100.0 (92.3, 100.0)	100.0 (99.9, 100.0)	-	0.06 (0.03, 0.12)
Negative	3	6185	6188
Saliva and urine screening with urine confirmation (Strategy 12)
Positive	17	0	17	34.7 (22.9, 48.7)	100.0 (99.9, 100.0)	0.35	100.0 (81.6, 100.0)	99.5 (99.3, 99.6)	-	0.65 (0.61 – 0.69)
Negative	32	6185	6217

Note: *Predictive indices would be influenced by disease prevalence, and the predicative indices calculated here were based on the cCMV prevalence of about 1.3%