Table 1:
Baseline Characteristics Before and After Propensity Score Matching
| Characteristic | Pre-Match | Post-Match | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACE/ARB (n=83318) | Sacubitril-Valsartan (n=8291) | Std Diff | ACE/ARB (n=7893) | Sacubitril-Valsartan (n=7893) | Std Diff | |
| Age | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 69.9 (12.2) | 68.2 (12.0) | 0.14 | 68.1 (11.9) | 68.2 (12.0) | −0.01 |
| Median | 71 | 70 | 68 | 70 | ||
| Q1, Q3 | 62.0, 80.0 | 61.0, 77.0 | 61.0, 77.0 | 61.0, 77.0 | ||
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 34318 (41.2%) | 2719 (32.8%) | −0.17 | 2588 (32.8%) | 2625 (33.3%) | 0.01 |
| Male | 49000 (58.8%) | 5572 (67.2%) | 0.17 | 5305 (67.2%) | 5268 (66.7%) | −0.01 |
| Race | ||||||
| Asian | 1638 (2.0%) | 168 (2.0%) | 0.00 | 164 (2.1%) | 160 (2.0%) | −0.01 |
| Black | 16246 (19.5%) | 1741 (21.0%) | 0.04 | 1608 (20.4%) | 1649 (20.9%) | 0.01 |
| Hispanic | 7062 (8.5%) | 920 (11.1%) | 0.09 | 900 (11.4%) | 866 (11.0%) | −0.01 |
| Unknown | 5294 (6.4%) | 531 (6.4%) | 0.00 | 569 (7.2%) | 528 (6.7%) | −0.02 |
| White | 53078 (63.7%) | 4931 (59.5%) | −0.09 | 4652 (58.9%) | 4690 (59.4%) | 0.01 |
| Income | ||||||
| <$40,000 | 27263 (32.7) | 2351 (28.4) | −0.09 | 2493 (31.6) | 2242 (28.4) | −0.07 |
| $40,000–$74,999 | 20394 (24.5) | 2154 (26) | 0.03 | 1865 (23.6) | 2041 (25.9) | 0.05 |
| $75,000–$124,999 | 13826 (16.6) | 1600 (19.3) | 0.07 | 1278 (16.2) | 1520 (19.3) | 0.08 |
| $125,000–$199,999 | 4349 (5.2) | 570 (6.9) | 0.07 | 374 (4.7) | 536 (6.8) | 0.09 |
| $200,000+ | 1735 (2.1) | 239 (2.9) | 0.05 | 150 (1.9) | 228 (2.9) | 0.06 |
| Missing | 15751 (18.9) | 1377 (16.6) | −0.06 | 1733 (22.0) | 1326 (16.8) | −0.13 |
| Patient Census Region | ||||||
| Midwest | 23865 (28.6%) | 1671 (20.2%) | −0.20 | 1622 (20.5%) | 1596 (20.2%) | −0.01 |
| Northeast | 12550 (15.1%) | 1148 (13.8%) | −0.04 | 1047 (13.3%) | 1054 (13.4%) | 0.00 |
| South | 39389 (47.3%) | 4973 (60.0%) | 0.26 | 4715 (59.7%) | 4759 (60.3%) | 0.01 |
| West | 7514 (9.0%) | 499 (6.0%) | −0.11 | 509 (6.4%) | 484 (6.1%) | −0.01 |
| Medical Comorbidities | ||||||
| Depression | 18362 (22.0%) | 1670 (20.1%) | −0.05 | 1423 (18.0%) | 1523 (19.3%) | 0.03 |
| Renal Failure | 28024 (33.6%) | 2791 (33.7%) | 0.00 | 2533 (32.1%) | 2613 (33.1%) | 0.02 |
| Cardiac Arrhythmia | 60174 (72.2%) | 6461 (77.9%) | 0.13 | 6056 (76.7%) | 6077 (77.0%) | 0.01 |
| Peripheral Vascular Disease | 35640 (42.8%) | 4799 (57.9%) | 0.31 | 4342 (55.0%) | 4469 (56.6%) | 0.03 |
| Valvular Disease | 41951 (50.4%) | 4928 (59.4%) | 0.18 | 4442 (56.3%) | 4568 (57.9%) | 0.03 |
| Anemia | 16628 (20.0%) | 1536 (18.5%) | −0.04 | 1333 (16.9%) | 1408 (17.8%) | 0.02 |
| Hypertension | 76899 (92.3%) | 7710 (93.0%) | 0.03 | 7250 (91.9%) | 7321 (92.8%) | 0.03 |
| Diabetes | 44095 (52.9%) | 4532 (54.7%) | 0.04 | 4188 (53.1%) | 4273 (54.1%) | 0.02 |
| History of Myocardial Infarction | 26853 (32.2%) | 3021 (36.4%) | 0.09 | 2579 (32.7%) | 2734 (34.6%) | 0.04 |
| Dementia | 9485 (11.4%) | 453 (5.5%) | −0.21 | 385 (4.9%) | 427 (5.4%) | 0.02 |
| Cerebrovascular Disease | 26086 (31.3%) | 2377 (28.7%) | −0.06 | 2024 (25.6%) | 2170 (27.5%) | 0.04 |
| COPD | 40802 (49.0%) | 4008 (48.3%) | −0.01 | 3554 (45.0%) | 3716 (47.1%) | 0.04 |
| Pacemaker/ ICD | 24851 (29.8%) | 4058 (48.9%) | 0.40 | 3739 (47.4%) | 3781 (47.9%) | 0.01 |
| Medications | ||||||
| β-blockers | 59875 (71.9%) | 7283 (87.8%) | 0.41 | 6894 (87.3%) | 6894 (87.3%) | 0.00 |
| Loop diuretics | 43347 (52.0%) | 5500 (66.3%) | 0.29 | 5216 (66.1%) | 5177 (65.6%) | −0.01 |
| Aldosterone antagonist | 14167 (17.0%) | 3129 (37.7%) | 0.48 | 2887 (36.6%) | 2856 (36.2%) | −0.01 |
| Digoxin | 7830 (9.4%) | 1202 (14.5%) | 0.16 | 1094 (13.9%) | 1107 (14.0%) | 0.00 |
| Prior ACE/ARB (120 Days Prior) | 50449 (60.5%) | 5309 (64.0%) | 0.07 | 4911 (62.2%) | 4911 (62.2%) | 0.00 |
| ACE | 33651 (40.4%) | 3138 (37.8%) | −0.05 | 2961 (37.5%) | 2961 (37.5%) | 0.00 |
| ARB | 16798 (20.1%) | 2171 (26.2%) | 0.14 | 1950 (24.7%) | 1950 (24.7%) | 0.00 |
| Prior Dose (ACE/ARB) | ||||||
| Low dose | 16369 (32.4%) | 1739 (32.8%) | 0.01 | 1604 (32.7%) | 1614 (32.9%) | 0.00 |
| Medium dose | 20712 (41.1%) | 2234 (42.1%) | 0.02 | 2046 (41.7%) | 2060 (41.9%) | 0.00 |
| High dose | 13368 (26.5%) | 1336 (25.2%) | −0.03 | 1261 (25.7%) | 1237 (25.2%) | −0.01 |
| Charlson Index Score | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 5.2 (3.2) | 5.3 (3.1) | −0.03 | 5.0 (2.9) | 5.2 (3.1) | −0.07 |
| Median (IQR) | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | ||
| Office Visit | ||||||
| Cardiologist | 45641 (54.8) | 6641 (80.1) | 0.56 | 6278 (79.5) | 6269 (79.4) | 0.00 |
| Primary care | 35281 (42.3) | 3730 (45.0) | 0.05 | 3500 (44.3) | 3559 (45.1) | 0.02 |
| Prior Hospitalization | ||||||
| “0” | 49116 (59.0%) | 5016 (60.5%) | 0.03 | 4827 (61.2%) | 4780 (60.6%) | −0.01 |
| “1” | 24021 (28.8%) | 2214 (26.7%) | −0.05 | 2103 (26.6%) | 2117 (26.8%) | 0.00 |
| “2+” | 10181 (12.2%) | 1061 (12.8%) | 0.02 | 963 (12.2%) | 996 (12.6%) | 0.01 |
| Prior HF Hospitalization | ||||||
| “0” | 69129 (83.0%) | 6525 (78.7%) | −0.11 | 6283 (79.6%) | 6245 (79.1%) | −0.01 |
| “1” | 12004 (14.4%) | 1421 (17.1%) | 0.07 | 1303 (16.5%) | 1330 (16.9%) | 0.01 |
| “2+” | 2185 (2.6%) | 345 (4.2%) | 0.09 | 307 (3.9%) | 318 (4.0%) | 0.01 |
| Year of Index | ||||||
| 2015 | 39135 (47.0%) | 162 (2.0%) | −1.23 | 191 (2.4%) | 162 (2.1%) | −0.02 |
| 2016 | 22356 (26.8%) | 2213 (26.7%) | 0.00 | 2234 (28.3%) | 2191 (27.8%) | −0.01 |
| 2017 | 20569 (24.7%) | 5383 (64.9%) | 0.88 | 5021 (63.6%) | 5075 (64.3%) | 0.01 |
| 2018 | 1258 (1.5%) | 533 (6.4%) | 0.25 | 447 (5.7%) | 465 (5.9%) | 0.01 |
ACE/ARB= angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/ angiotensin receptor blocker, COPD= chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HF= heart failure