Table 3.

Data extraction framework

Category	Data items
Context	Source Author Publication year Income level: low; middle income; global Countries
Population	Age group: children (0–4); children (5–9); early adolescence (10–14); older adolescence (15–19); adult 20–64; old age (65+); age range [state] Recipient of programme: female; male; other [state]; subgroup [state] Targeted indirect beneficiaries: female; male; other [state]; subgroup [state]
Intervention	Type of social protection programme(s): social assistance [state]; social insurance [state]; labour market [state]; social care [state]; other [state] Intervention name [state] Duration of intervention [state] Institution(s) providing the programme(s): government agency; government agency and nongovernmental organisation; government agency and private organisation; other [state]
Methodology	Type of review: systematic review; systematic review with meta‐analysis; rapid evidence assessment; rapid review; review protocol Type of analysis: quantitative [state]; qualitative [state] Number of included studies [state] Review time range [state] Types of included studies: experimental; quasi‐experimental; observational cross‐sectional; observational longitudinal; qualitative; mixed methods; other [state] Measurements [state] Outcome(s) and outcome area: economic security and empowerment; improved health; enhanced education; improved mental health and psychosocial well‐being; increased protection; enhanced voice and agency; other [state] Comparison [state] Risk of bias used in review
Quality appraisal	Is the review question clearly and explicitly stated? (met; not met; unclear; not applicable) Were the inclusion criteria appropriate for the review question? (met; not met; unclear; not applicable) Was the search strategy appropriate? (met; not met; unclear; not applicable) Were the sources and resources used to search for studies adequate? (met; not met; unclear; not applicable) Were the criteria for appraising studies appropriate? (met; not met; unclear; not applicable) Was critical appraisal conducted by two or more reviewers independently? (met; not met; unclear; not applicable) Were there methods to minimise errors in data extraction? (met; not met; unclear; not applicable) Were the methods used to combine studies appropriate? (met; not met; unclear; not applicable) Was the likelihood of publication bias assessed? (met; not met; unclear; not applicable) Were recommendations for policy and/or practice supported by the reported data? (met; not met; unclear; not applicable) Were the specific directives for new research appropriate? (met; not met; unclear; not applicable)
Review findings—Research question 1	Results by outcome area:
	Economic security and empowerment [state] Improved health [state] Enhanced education [state] Improved mental health and psychosocial well‐being [state] Increased protection [state] Enhanced voice and agency [state] Other [state]
	If quantitative findings (gender):
	Type, magnitude and direction of effect size [state] Summary of cost‐effectiveness findings [state]
Review findings—Research question 2	Moderators:
	Intra‐household dynamics [state] Access to market [state] Social and cultural norms [state] Gender norms [state] Gender‐responsive policies and laws [state] Macroeconomic conditions [state] Conflict and instability [state] Political conditions [state] Availability, accessibility, affordability, acceptability and quality of services [state] Other [state]
	Structural and individual drivers:
	Discriminatory gender norms [state] Harmful traditional practices [state] Gender discriminatory laws and policies [state] Age and stage in the lifecycle [state] Household composition [state] Social identify [state] Disability [state] Other [state]
Review findings—Research question 3	Design factors:
	Objectives [state] Benefit design [state] Eligibility criteria and targeting [state] Incentives, conditionalities, coresponsibilities [state] Payment/benefit delivery [state] Messaging, labelling and nudges [state] Linkages to complementary programme services [state] Other [state]
	Implementation factors:
	Implementation and fidelity of design [state] Capacity in delivery of benefits and services [state] M&E [state] Sex‐ and age‐disaggregated data [state] Integrated management information systems and social and information registries [state] Grievance and redress mechanisms [state] Other [state]
Other	Recommendations [state] Research gaps [state]